DNA Flashcards
An organisms genetic material, abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
A molecule made of a nitrogen base, sugar and a phosphate group
Nucleotide
Two strands of nucleotides wound about each other; structure of DNA
Double helix
the process of copying a DNA molecule to make another DNA molecule
Replication
A type of nucleic acid that carries the code for making proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, abbreviation for Ribo nucleic acid
RNA
The process of making mRNA from DNA
Transcription
The process of making proteins from RNA
Translation
A permanent change in the sequence of DNA, or the nucleotide, in a gene or chromosome
Mutation
Three nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
Codon
A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene
Insertion
A mutation in which nucleotide or a codon in DNA is replaced with a different nucleotide
Substitution
Type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
tRNA (transfer RNA)
A single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the information to make a proteins; small enough to get out of the nucleus
mRNA (messenger RNA)
Type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
