Genetics Test 12/4

Question 1

allele

Answer 1

Variation or different forms of a gene

Question 2

heterozygous

Answer 2

two different allele for a particular trait

Question 3

Examples of allele

Answer 3

Green eyes and blue eyes (same gene but different color or allele

Question 4

Homozygous

Answer 4

Same trait- 2 identical alleles for a particular trait

Question 5

Example of homozygous allele

Answer 5

YY or yy

Question 6

Gregor Mendel

Answer 6

The man who began the study of genetics

Question 7

In _________ individuals, the dominant trait will be observed, and the recessive trait will be masked.

Answer 7

heterozygous

Question 8

incomplete dominance

Answer 8

one gene is not completely dominant over the other allele for the gene

Question 9

polygenic traits

Answer 9

traits that arise from the interaction of multiple (a minimum or 3 or more) pairs of gene

Question 10

Examples of polygenic traits

Answer 10

Skin color, height, eye color

Question 11

codominance

Answer 11

both the dominant and recessive alleles are expressed in heterozygous individuals

Question 12

True or false: codominant alleles blend

Answer 12

FALSE!!! They do not blend, but are expressed individually

Question 13

Example of codominance

Answer 13

A person with one green eye and one brown eye

Question 14

diploid

Answer 14

full set of chromosomes (46)

Question 15

variable for diploid

Answer 15

2n

Question 16

haploid

Answer 16

half of the chromosomes (23)

Question 17

variable for haploid

Answer 17

N

Question 18

Where are haploids found?

Answer 18

Gametes

Question 19

linked genes

Answer 19

genes located close to each other on the same chromosome that travel together

Question 20

gene maps

Answer 20

depictions of how genes are arranged on a chromosome

Question 21

What are gene maps based on?

Answer 21

The frequencies of crossing over

Question 22

sex-linked genes

Answer 22

genes located on both X and Y chromosomes

Question 23

sex-linked traits

Answer 23

traits controlled by genes located on the X chromosome

Question 24

Why are men more affected by recessive X-linked traits?

Answer 24

Because they only have 1 X chromosome.

Question 25

pedigree

Answer 25

family tree based on genetic traits and their inheritance patterns

Question 26

dominant alleles

Answer 26

Control the traits that determines the organism appearance

Question 27

recessive alleles

Answer 27

alleles that have no noticeable effect on appearance

Question 28

True or false: recessive alleles are sometimes expressed or can be carried

Answer 28

TRUE!!!!

Question 29

nondisjunction

Answer 29

failure of a chromosome to separate during anaphase

Question 30

True or false: Nondisjunction occurs in only sex chromosomes

Answer 30

FALSE!!!! It occurs in sex chromosomes AND autosomes

Question 31

probability

Answer 31

the likelihood or chance of the occurrence of something

Question 32

What are Gregor Mendel’s contributions to genetics?

Answer 32

He began the study of genetics by studying the inheritance in pea plants by cross pollinating them

Question 33

What do Gregor Mendel’s principles of genetics apply to?

Answer 33

All organisms

Question 34

List of dominant disorders

Answer 34

Huntington’s Disease

Question 35

List of recessive disorders

Answer 35

Tay-Sachs
albinism
sickle cell disease
Cystic Fibrosis
Galatosemia

Question 36

List of sex-linked disorders

Answer 36

Hemophilia
Color-blindness
Male Pattern Baldness

Question 37

Mendel’s law of segregation

Answer 37

states that the two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis

Question 38

Mendel’s law of independent assortment

Answer 38

States that random distribution of alleles occurs during gamete formation

Question 39

Genotype

Answer 39

Type of allele

Question 40

Phenotype

Answer 40

Physical trait that is expressed