Cellular Respirarion Flashcards
heterotrophs
organisms that ingest food to obtain energy
autotrophs
organisms that make their own food
granum
a singular stack of thylakoids
thylakoids
flattened saclike membranes that help absorb sunlight
Where a pigments found?
thylakoids
Calvin cycle
The 2nd stage of photosynthesis in which energy is stored in organic molecules such as glucose
Lactic acid fermentation
when enzymes convert the pyruvate made during glycosis into lactic acid
______ provide space for a large number of electron transporting molecules and photo systems
Thylakoids
Where do cramps come from?
Lactic acid fermentation
Where does lactic acid fermentation take place?
Cytoplasm
aerobic
requires oxygen
photosynthesis
the process that autotrophs use that converts light energy into chemical energy
What is photosynthesis’s ultimate product?
Sugar molecule
What are the 2 phases of photosynthesis?
Light dependent and light independent
chloroplasts
organelles that capture light energy that contain thylakoids and stroma
glycosis
the anaerobic process when glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm
krebs
an aerobic cycle of reactions in which pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide
What is krebs’s purpose?
to modify the molecules
alcohol fermentation
the process that converts pyruvate into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide in yeast and some bacteria
cellular respiration
the process by which organisms obtain energy by using glucose to produce ATP
Where does cellular respiration occur?
The mitochondria
electron carriers
molecules that can accept an electron from an electron donor and donate electrons to another carrier during electron transport
Where do we find electron carriers in photosynthesis?
In phase 1 of photosynthesis when electrons are transferred to photosystem 1, then to ferredoxin, then to NADP+
NADP+ becomes NADPH when it carries __________
An electron
Where do we find electron carriers in cellular respiration?
In the Krebs cycle, it occurs in the mitochondria to further break down the molecule.
What are the products of photosynthesis?
Oxygen and glucose
What are the products of cellular respiration?
Water, carbon dioxide, and ATP
What are the waste products of photosynthesis?
Oxygen, gas, and O2
What are the waste products of cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide and water
Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into __________
Glucose
Where do light-independent reactions take place?
In the stroma during the Calvin cycle
What is the product of the Calvin cycle?
Glucose and oxygen
What are the stages of cellular respiration?
Glucose molecules are broken —> 2 pyruvate enter krebs —> converted to acetyl coa —> converted to citrate —> 8 turns, modified for maximum ATP —> electrons transported, breaking down molecules, 36 - 38 ATP is released
What is the chemical formula for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ——> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
What does cellular respiration need to break down to release energy?
Glucose
What is the net gain of glycosis?
2 ATP
What is the starting molecule of krebs?
2 pyruvate
What are two molecules that pass high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain?
NADH and FADH2
