Genetics Section 4

Question 1

what is the main function of genes?

Answer 1

to control the production of proteins in an organisms cells

Question 2

proteins help determine what?

Answer 2

size, shape, color or many other traits of an organism

Question 3

chromosomes are composed of?

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

What are genes?

Answer 4

sections of DNA molecule

Question 5

DNA is made up of what nitrogen bases?

Answer 5

ATCG

Question 6

Why is the sequence of bases important

Answer 6

the sequence forms a code that tells the cell what protein to produce

Question 7

a single gene on a chromosome may contain anywhere from several hundred to a million of _____

Answer 7

bases

Question 8

the order of _____ determines the order in which amino acids are put together to form a protein.

Answer 8

bases

Question 9

through what process do cells make proteins?

Answer 9

protein synthesis

Question 10

what happens during protein synthesis?

Answer 10

the cells use info from a gene on a chromosome to produce a specific protein

Question 11

what is the role of the messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Answer 11

copies the genetic code from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm.

Question 12

what is the role of the transfer RNA (tRNA)?

Answer 12

carries amino acids to the ribosomes and adds them to a growing chain of proteins