Genetics Section 1

Question 1

the passing of traits from parent to offspring

Answer 1

heredity

Question 2

a genetically determined characteristic (e.g., blue eyes)

Answer 2

trait

Question 3

a priest who lived in a monastery in 19th century and is known as Father of Genetics

Answer 3

Mendel

Question 4

What question did Mendel have about his garden?

Answer 4

why pea plants have different characteristics (small, tall)

Question 5

why did Mendel use pea plants?

Answer 5

grew quickly
many different kinds available
able to self pollinate

Question 6

what is the opening of the pollen tube called

Answer 6

stigma

Question 7

what part of plant contains the pollen tube

Answer 7

style

Question 8

what part of the plant contains the pollen

Answer 8

stamens

Question 9

what part of the plant contains the egg

Answer 9

ovule

Question 10

explain pollination and fertilization in pea plants

Answer 10

pollination - pollen reaches the stigma
the pollen releases the sperm to travel down the style
fertilization- egg and sperm join

Question 11

what was mendel’s first experiment

Answer 11

2 PUREBRED pea plants (one purple one white), cut off anthers to prevent self pollination, took pollen from 1 plant and pollinated the other. Each time the offspring showed the dominant trait. Offspring were all purple (1st generation). Trait that appeared the most is called DOMINANT. Trait that appeared less was RECESSIVE.

Question 12

what is meant by purebred?

Answer 12

an offspring of many generations that have the same trait (e.g., PP or pp)

Question 13

Another name for the P generation is ___

Answer 13

parent

Question 14

Explain self pollination

Answer 14

a self pollinating plant has both male and female reproductive structures in one plant. Anthers (male) can fertilized the ovary (female) through the stigma on the same plant.

Question 15

Explain cross pollination

Answer 15

pollen from one plant fertilizes the ovary of a flower on another plant by way of wind, insect ( bee)

Question 16

what did Mendel find when he crossed purebred short plants with purebred tall plants?

Answer 16

he found all tall plants in the F1 generation

Question 17

when Mendel crossed the offspring (F1 generation) with one another, was the trait for shortness lost? Explain.

Answer 17

No because the F1 generation were carriers for the short trait

Question 18

Explain Mendel’s 2nd experiment

Answer 18

Mendel allowed the first generation plants from the first experiment to self pollinate (these are purple). The recessive trait appeared in 1 out of 4 offspring (3 purple, 1 white). These offspring are called the second generation or F2.Mendel discovered that each offspring had 2 sets of instructions, each parent donates 1 set.

Question 19

Through Mendel’s experiments, what conclusions did he come to?

Answer 19

he said that the individual factors or sets of genetic info must control the inheritance of traits in peas. These factors that control each trait come in pairs, one from each parent. One factor can hide the other.

Question 20

If a trait is dominant, what does it mean and show the different ways it is represented.

Answer 20

a trait that shows up in the organism when the allele is present TT or Tt

Question 21

if a trait is recessive, what does this mean and show how it is represented

Answer 21

a trait that does not show up when the dominant trait is present tt

Question 22

Mendel studied 7 different traits in pea plants. Under what conditions would the recessive form of 1 of these traits appear?

Answer 22

if both parents carried the recessive trait.

Question 23

what is a hybrid?

Answer 23

an organism that has 2 different alleles for a trait Tt