Genetics quiz Flashcards
What is genetics the study of
heredity
What is heredity
the passing of traits or characteristics from parents to offsprings
How are traits determinded
Inside each nucleus of a cell are thread like structures known as chromosomes. Chromosomes come in pairs. Individuals usually have two copies of each chromosome, one from each parent. DNA, also known as the molecule of life. is found within chromosomes. A gene is a short segment of DNA. Genes contain instructions that make proteins, which determine traits.
What is are alleles
The different variations of a gene
What are the two types of alleles
Dominant and recessive
How are dominant alleles shown
They are always expressed if present. and they are shown in capital letters
How are recessive alleles shown
They are expressed if 2 copies are present and they are shown in lowercase letters.
What is genotype
Genotype is the genetic makeup of an individual.
What is phenotype
Phenotype is the observable triats or characteristics determined by the genotype.
What can genotypes be
they can be homozygous or heterozygous
What is homozygous
It is when one person inherits two of the same alleles.
What is heterozygous
It is when one person inherits two different alleles.
What is a punnet square
A punnet square is a diagram that predicts the same genotypes and phenotypes of offspring between two parents.
What are the steps to using a punnet square.
Step 1: Write the genotype of one parent across the top and the other along the left side. Step 2: Fill in the boxes by copying the letters down and across into the empty spaces. Step 3: Analyze the result you get.
