Genetics - Q2 Flashcards
trait
a specific characteristic or feature exhibited by an organism
true breeding
organisms that exhibit the same traits, generation after generation
cross
the fertilization of a female gamete of a specific genetic origin with a male gamete of a specific origin
p generation
inbreeding, the organisms initially crossed and are typically true-breeding
f1 generation
the offspring of a cross of the p generation
monohybrid cross
a cross of 2 individuals that differ by 1 trait
f2 generation
the offspring of a cross b/w the f1 generation
dominant
the form of a trait that only appears when an individual had an allele for it
recessive
the form of a trait that only appears when an individual has 2 alleles for it
genotype
the combo of alleles for any given trait, the organisms entire genetic makeup
phenotype
the physical and physiological traits of an organism
homozygous
an organisms that has 2 identical alleles of a gene
heterozygous
an organism that has 2 diff alleles of a gene
gregor mendel
father of genetics, worked with pea plants
ratio of dominant - recessive traits
3:1
law of segregation
traits are controlled by 2 alleles that seperate during mitosis so that each gamete recieves one allele
law of dominance
The allele that is dominant will be observed in the organisms; the recessive allele is not observed unless the individual has two copies
law of independent assortment
alleles for different traits are passed on independently and randomly
