Evolution 2.0

Question 1

allopatric speciation

Answer 1

seperates geographically, can happen from founder effect or a geographic event

Question 2

sympatric speciation

Answer 2

living in the same area but with different niches

Question 3

lives in different habitats

Answer 3

ecological isolation, a prezygotic prevention of mating

Question 4

seperate timing of reproduction

Answer 4

temporal isolation

Question 5

different mating rituals

Answer 5

behavioural isolation

Question 6

anitomical (body) differences

Answer 6

mechanical prevention of fertilzaiton

Question 7

different proteins on surface of gametes

Answer 7

gametic isolaiton

Question 8

divergent evolution

Answer 8

a pattern of evolution in which species that were similar to an ancestral species become different (diverge) due to disruptive selection
- adapt to their environments (diff conditions)
- eventually results in 2 diff species
- homologous structures as evidence

Question 9

convergent evolution

Answer 9

unrelated species from different ancestors independently evolve to have similar traits as they live in similar environmental conditions, not bc of shared ancestry (e.g. birds and bats, fish and whales)
- analogous structures as evidence

Question 10

adaptive radiation

Answer 10

form of divergent evolution where members move to a new area and diversify under new selective pressures (e.g. darwins finches)

Question 11

artificial selection

Answer 11

intentional or selective breeding for certain traits, or a certain combo of traits that benefit mankind

Question 12

artificial vs natural selection

Answer 12

artificial - selective breeding of traits that are beneficial to humankind
natural - environment acts as a filter where only some organisms survive to pass on their genes

Question 13

traits of plants that are selectively bred

Answer 13

more crops, increased yields, increased nutritional value, resistance to disease and pets

Question 14

traits of animals that are selectively bred

Answer 14

decreased input(food) but increased output, increased muscle mass, decreased fat content, and faster growth rates

Question 15

cloning

Answer 15

done using tissue culture or cuttings

Question 16

pros of AS

Answer 16

inc production, inc nutritional content, lower production costs, inc resistance to disease, lower pesticide use, increased availibility, easier to grow and predict outcome

Question 17

cons of AS

Answer 17

less genetic variation, less biodiverse, seeds are patended (which costs more money), focusing on one trait but lacking in others