Genetics, Populations, Evolution And Ecosystems Flashcards

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1
Q

Define genotype

A

An organisms genetic composition

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2
Q

Define phenotype

A

An organisms characteristics, which occurs as a result of both its genotype and the impact of the environment

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3
Q

What is an allele?

A

Alternative forms of a particular gene with different base sequences and therefore different codes

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4
Q

What are the four types of alleles?

A

Dominant
Recessive
Co-dominant
Multiple alleles

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5
Q

What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells?

A

Haploid cells contain only one set of chromosomes (half set -23) and diploid cells chromosomes occur in pairs (full set -46)

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6
Q

What are heterozygous cells?

A

Organisms in which paired alleles are different
E.G- Bb

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7
Q

What are homozygous cells?

A

Organisms in which paired alleles are the same.
E.G- BB or bb

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8
Q

Define monohybrid inheritance

A

Inheritance of a single pair of alleles- only one from each gamete (due to meiosis)

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9
Q

Define dihybrid inheritance

A

Inheritance of two different characteristics simultaneously

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10
Q

What is an autosome?

A

Chromosomes numbered (1-22) which are known as body cells not sex cells

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11
Q

State the difference between sex-linkage and autosomal linkage

A

Sex linkage occurs when there is a gene on the X chromosome, not present on the Y chromosome.
Whereas autosomal linkage occurs if two or more genes are located on the same autosome(non-sex chromosomes)

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12
Q

What is a species?

A

A group of organisms that can successfully interbreed

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13
Q

Define population

A

Members of the same species living in one habitat

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14
Q

Define gene pool

A

Complete range of alleles in a population

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15
Q

Define allele frequency

A

Relative frequency of a particular allele in a population

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16
Q

What is the hardy-Weinberg principle?

A
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17
Q

Explain the hardy-Weinberg equation for calculating allele frequency

A
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18
Q

Explain the hardy-weinberg equation to calculating genotype frequency

A
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19
Q

What are the conditions under which the Hardy- Weinberg principle equation applies?

A
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20
Q

What two factors affect variation?

A
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21
Q

What is the primary source of genetic variation?

A
22
Q

What is natural selection?

A
23
Q

What is stabilising selection?

A
24
Q

What is directional selection?

A
25
Q

What is disruptive selection?

A
26
Q

What is evolution?

A
27
Q

Define genetic drift

A
28
Q

Now does natural selection cause a change in a populations gene pool?

A
29
Q

Why does genetic drift affect smaller populations more than larger ones?

A
30
Q

Define community

A
31
Q

Define ecosystem

A
32
Q

Define biotic and give examples

A
33
Q

Define abiotic and give examples

A
34
Q

Define niche

A
35
Q

Define habitat

A
36
Q

What is meant by ‘carrying capacity’?

A
37
Q

List four abiotic factors that affect population growth

A
38
Q

What is meant by intraspecific and interspecific competition?

A
39
Q

What are the two ways in which size of a population can be estimated?

A
40
Q

How can quadrants be used for estimating population size?

A
41
Q

How is mark-release- recapture used for estimating population size?

A
42
Q

What is the equation for mark -release -recapture?

A
43
Q

What are the assumptions made by the mark-release-recapture method?

A
44
Q

Why are ecosystem described as being ‘dynamic’?

A
45
Q

What is primary succession?

A
46
Q

Summarise the process of primary succession

A
47
Q

Define conservation

A
48
Q

How might succession be managed in order to help conservation?

A
49
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A
50
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A
51
Q

What are co-dominant alleles?

A