Genetics of sex differences

Question 1

Hermaphroditism

Answer 1

both sexes in the same organism

Question 2

Monoecious

Answer 2

both male and femlae reproductive structures in the same organism

Question 3

Dioecious

Answer 3

either male or female reproductive structures in one organism

Question 4

Genic Sex-determining System

Answer 4

NO sex chromosomes, only the sex determining genes

Question 5

Environmental Sex-determination

Answer 5

Environmental factors rather than genetics

Question 6

Heterogametic

Answer 6

sex of species where sex chromosomes are not the same

Question 7

Male determining gene (SRY)

Answer 7

Located on the Y chromosome. A single Y even in the presences of several X’s still produces a male phenotype

Question 8

Pseudoautosomal Regions

Answer 8

human X and Y chromosomes that pir and recombine during meiosis, meaning that genes in this region are not inherited in a sex linked fashion

Question 9

Turner Syndrome

Answer 9

XO; 1/3000 female births

Question 10

Klinefelter Syndrome

Answer 10

XXY, XnY 1/1000 male births

Question 11

Poly-X female

Answer 11

XX XXX etc. 1/1000 female births

Question 12

Sex Linked Genes

Answer 12

Genes that are carried by either sex chromosome

Question 13

Dosage Compensation

Answer 13

the process by which organisms equalize the expression of genes on the sex chromosome X between members of different biological sexes

Question 14

X-inactivation

Answer 14

a process by which one of the copies of the X chromosome present in female mammals is inactivated

Question 15

Barr body

Answer 15

the inactive X chromosome in a female somatic cell

Question 16

Reciprocal Cross

Answer 16

a breeding experiment designed to test the role of parental sex on a given inheritance pattern, all parent organisms must be treu breeding to properly carry out such experiments