Genetics of development Flashcards
What are homeotic mutants?
one part of the body is transformed to another part
Why are drosophilia a good model?
Has striking mutants- looks way different in mutants, also low cost, east to breed, and has a fast life cycle
What is bithorax?
two sets of wings
What is antennapedia?
is legs instead of antennas
What is the bithorax and antennepedia mutations derived from?
one mutated gene
Within the thorax how many regions are there?
3
Within abdomen how many sections are there?
8
What is the anteriorposterior axis?
Is the head to bottom axis, is head versus rear
What is morphogen?
Molecule whose effects are concentration dependent, and establish the pattern of tissue development and body plan formation
How is gene expression diff in space and time?
some genes are turned on in only head, some are only turned on in adult stage versus juvenile stage
What do morphogen gradients determine?
Hox gene expression
What do hox genes do?
Control the identity of segments and appendages, also encode transcription factors
What is the genetic toolkit?
Is hox genes and genes that regulate them
are set of genes responsible for regulating animal developments, mostly encode cell signaling and transcription factors
What does it mean that hox genes are conserved across diverse species of animals?
they stay the same in their toolkit across alot of animals
Wat are the five classes of toolkit genes involved in regulating ap BODY AXIS?
Maternal effect genes
Gap genes
Pair rule genes
Segment-polarity genes
Hox genes
What are maternal effect genes?
They are the first class of toolkit genes that established the anterior and posterior end of the animal
Are expressed in the mother
Mutant phenotypes of maternal effect genes depend only on the genotype of mom
What two genes are maternal expressed genes? Where are they tethered?
Bicoid (anterior) and Nanos mRNA (posterior)