Genetics (Mendelian And Non Mendelian) Flashcards
Studies hereditary information
Genetics
Passing of characterisitcs
Heredity
Dofferences among individuals belonging to the same species
Variations
Father of Genetics
Gregor Johann Mendel
Contrasting expressions or alternative forms of a trait
Alleles
Forms the basic of genetics
Mendelian genetics
Inheritance involving one pair of contrasting characters
Monohybrid inheritance
Two pure-breeding species are crossed
Monohybrid cross
Produces only one form of a particular triat whey self-fertilize
Pure-breeding
Gene that is responsible for the observed character (e.i flower color)
Genotype
Observable expressions of the trait (purple or white flowers)
Phenotype
Carries two dominant alleles (PP)
Homozygous dominant
One dominant allele and one recessive allele (Pp)
Heterozygous or recessive
Two recessive alleles (pp)
Homozygous recessive
Cross between members of the same offspring
Self-cross or selfing
A diagram made of boxes. Used to predict the expected results of a genetic cross by cobsidering all the possible combinations of gametes in a cross
Punnet square
Genetic characters are controlled by unit factors (genes) that exist in pairs in individual organisms
Rule of Unit Factors in Pairs
One unit factor in a pair may mask the expression of the other (dominant is always expressed, but with the exception of two recessive alleles)
Principle of Dominance and Recessiveness
Describes the behavior of the chronosomes during meiosis
Law of segregation
Alleles of different genes separate independently from each other during gamete formation
Law of Independent Assortment
Genetic material or the gene is located in where?
Chromosome (nucleus of a cell)
A protein associates with coiled DNA
Histones
Arms of the chromosome
Chromatids
A proteinacious mass that binds the chromatid arms
Centromere
Two chromatids that are ready to undergo cell division
Sister chromatids
Happens all over the body and are genetic duplicated (diploid)
Mitosis
Reproductive cells (haploid)
Meiosis
Diploid number of chromosomes
46 chromosomes
Haploid number of chromosomes
23 chromosomes
Blood type A
A Antigen, Anti-B
Blood type B
B Antigen, Anti-A
Blood type AB
A and B Antigens, None
Blood type O
None, Anti-A and Anti-B
One trait is controlled by more than 2 alleles
Multiple alleles
Two versions of the same gene ate expressed separately to yield different traits in an individual
Codominance
XX chromosomes
Females (homogametic sex)
XY chromosomes
Males (heterogametic sex)
