genetics markers Flashcards
a simple definition for a genetics marker
an easy identifiable piece of genetic material, usually DNA, that can be used in the lab to tell apart cells, individuals, populations or species
examples of an ideal marker
- polymorphic and evenly distributed throughout the genome
- provide adepuate resolution of genetic differences
- quick, simple, cheap
- ned small amount of tissue and DNA sample
- have linkage to disticnt phenotype
- require no prior info about genome
Name some properties of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
- direct sequence variant detection
- bi-allelic and mutationally more stable than other markers
- connect genetic to physical maps
- amenable to automation
applications of SNPs
- genetics linkage maps and QTL analysis
- diagnostics
- population genetics
- phylogenetic analysis
some discovery methods for SNPs
- re sequencing of PCR products
2. next generation sequencing
what are est’s
expressed sequence tags
a definition for expressed sequence tags
Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are fragments of mRNA sequences derived through single sequencing reactions performed on randomly selected clones from cDNA libraries.
Name 2 variant discovery approaches
- whole genome analysis
2. reduced complexity for large genomes
Some advantages for genotyping by sequencing
no prior knowledge of genome required. largely cheaper than other technologies. no upfront costs involved.
what is epiheterodendrin
a leucine derived cyanogenic glucoside and a precursor for ethyl carbamate
what does epiheterodendrin do
it breaks down b-glucosidase to release toxic hydrogen cyanide
what are quantitative traits described by
frequency distribution
what is the broad-sense heritability
Vp = Vg + Ve
where Vp = phenotypic variation
Vg = genetic variation
Ve = environmental variation
