definitions

Question 1

loss of function allele

Answer 1

affected gene does not function

Question 2

hypomorphs

Answer 2

partially defective alleles

Question 3

temp sensitive mutants

Answer 3

allow for conditional inactivation of genes. Most useful for analysis of genes that are essential for the survival of a cell

Question 4

haplosufficiency

Answer 4

the loss of one of the two copies of a gene resulting in a mutant phenotype

Question 5

gain of function

Answer 5

mutation results in constant activation of a gene

Question 6

dominant negative

Answer 6

loss of function mutation that interferes with wild type protein

Question 7

antemorph

Answer 7

a mutant poisons the function of another gene e.g. transcription factor overlapping DNA binding sites

Question 8

neomorph

Answer 8

a mutant leads to a function that is not identical to activated gene/protein.

Question 9

synthetic lethality

Answer 9

combination of 2 non lethal mutations leading to lethality

Question 10

supressor mutation

Answer 10

A suppressor mutant suppresses the phenotype of a mutant. For instance gain of function mutants in a signalling pathway can be suppressed by loss of function mutants that are downstream of this pathway.

Question 11

ortholog

Answer 11

genes in diff species that evolved from common ancestors. Normally same function is retained

Question 12

paralogs

Answer 12

genes related by duplication within same genome. paralogs may evolve to have diff functions

Question 13

homolog

Answer 13

gene related to another gene by descent from common ancestral DNA sequence

Question 14

genome size of ecoli

Answer 14

5 mil bp 5000 genes

Question 15

genome size of budding yeast

Answer 15

12 mil bp 6200 genes

Question 16

genome size of c elegans

Answer 16

100 mil bp 22000 genes

Question 17

genome size of arabidopsis

Answer 17

135 mil bp 32000 genes

Question 18

genome size of homo sapiens

Answer 18

3.2000 bp and 20000 genes