Genetics Final

Question 1

Enhancers

Answer 1

cis acting sequences that increase transcription rate

Question 2

spliceosome

Answer 2

splice introns out of RNA

Question 3

regulon

Answer 3

co-regulated genes that are not physically linked together

Question 4

Chromosome Puffs

Answer 4

swellings along the regularly banded arms of polytene chromosomes

Question 5

Polysome

Answer 5

heavily translated RNA coated with many ribosomes

Question 6

14C

Answer 6

radioactiveisotope of carbon

Question 7

Epitope

Answer 7

site on antigen that an antibody will recognize

Question 8

monoclonal antibodies

Answer 8

antibodies that only recognize one epitope

Question 9

polyclonal antibodies

Answer 9

antibodies that recognize many epitopes on an antigen

Question 10

Heat shock cognates (HSC)

Answer 10

constitutively expressed heat shock proteins

consitutive genes are always expressed, always on

Question 11

cis acting factors

Answer 11

only affect gene expression on same allele

Question 12

trans acting factors

Answer 12

affect gene expression on all alleles

Question 13

translation elongation factors

Answer 13

facilitate addition of amino acids in growing polypeptide chain during translation

Question 14

Hsp70 high concentration

Answer 14

phosphorylation of HSF preventing trimerization and active form

Question 15

Hsp90 high concentration

Answer 15

binds to promoters of HSF and decreases transcription

Question 16

PKR

Answer 16

dsRNA dependent kinase. When active phosphorylates Translation elongation factor 2. Increased activity seen in down syndrome mice.

Question 17

Puromycin

Answer 17

mimics amino-acyl tRNA, binds to A site during translation causing premature termination

Question 18

Bicoid

Answer 18

protein that distributes in concentration gradient forming anterior side of drosophila

Question 19

Oocyte

Answer 19

female germ cell involved in reproduction

Question 20

Homeotic (Hox) genes

Answer 20

responsible for determining the identity of particular segments of the body

when mutated cause one body part to change to another

Question 21

Caudel

Answer 21

protein that distributes in concentration gradient forming posterior side of drosophila

Question 22

parasegments

Answer 22

repeating developmental units in drosophila

Question 23

Homeobox

Answer 23

180 base pairs that regulates anatomical features in embryonic development

Question 24

epigenetics

Answer 24

study of how environment changes the way genes work

Question 25

Phenocopy

Answer 25

Genetically wildtype but has the phenotype of a mutant

Question 26

RNA interference (RNAi)

Answer 26

dsRNA cut into fragments by dicer protein, then binds RISC complex which identifies complementary mRNA and degrades it, disrupting specific protein synthesis in the cell

Question 27

Anti-sense RNA

Answer 27

ssRNA that is complimentary to a specific mRNA, and binds blocking translation