Final (review from exam 1)

Question 1

first step of recruiting RNA polymerase

Answer 1

-TBP part of TFIID binds TATA and bends DNA

Question 2

2nd step of recruiting RNA poly

Answer 2

-Recruits TFIIB which positions RNA polymerase

Question 3

3rd step of recruiting RNA poly

Answer 3

TFIIF stabilizes RNA polymerase

Question 4

4th step RNA poly

Answer 4

TFIIE attracts and regulates TFIIH

Question 5

5th step RNA poly

Answer 5

TFIIH helicase = open double helix no effect on backbone, and phosphorylates the CTD of RNApol

Question 6

6th step RNA poly

Answer 6

Conformational change of CTD locks RNA polymerase and initiates release from pre-transcriptional complex.

phosphorylation of CTD also opens up new binding possibility for capping proteins

Question 7

Direction that RNA polymerase reads and syntesizes

Answer 7

Reads the DNA from 3’ to 5’ and synthesizes RNA from 5’ to 3’

Question 8

5’ Cap

Answer 8

7-methylguanosine

Question 9

3’ Cap

Answer 9

Polyadenyl tail (repeating As)

Question 10

protein that splices out introns

Answer 10

Splicosome

Question 11

Need to know more about a virus structure

Answer 11

X-ray Crystallography

Question 12

qPCR

Answer 12

measure mRNA quantity

Question 13

PCR

Answer 13

compare sizes of different DNA samples

Question 14

Bond between nucleotides in DNA or RNA strand

Answer 14

Phosphodiester bond

Question 15

What elements make up a gene

Answer 15

5’ UTR- introns/exons- 3’ UTR

Question 16

What does mRNA code for

Answer 16

Amino acids

Question 17

Start codon

Answer 17

Met (only start codon but not all Mets are start codons)

Question 18

Stop codon

Answer 18

UAG, UGA, UAA

Question 19

Amino Acid structure

Answer 19

Amino group (N), Carboxyl group, R side chain

Question 20

how many mRNA nucleotides per amino acid

Answer 20

3

Question 21

Wobble position

Answer 21

The first two nucleotides are the important ones for coding while some amino acids have multiple possible 3rd nucleotides

Question 22

tRNA

Answer 22

attaches the mRNA to the amino acid, has anticodon to line up with mRNA codons. Amino acids bind to 3’ end

Question 23

tRNA synthetase

Answer 23

protein that attaches amino acid to tRNA

Question 24

Ribosome

Answer 24

large subunit and small subunit, E P A sites

Question 25

type of bond between amino acids

Answer 25

peptide bonds

Question 26

peptide bond formation

Answer 26

C-terminus attacks N-terminus of amino acids attached to tRNA in P and A sites

Question 27

steps of translation

Answer 27

-random insertion of tRNA into P site until it matches with Met codon.
-moves into A site, random insertion of tRNA in P site again
-amino acids in A and P site peptide bond
-large subunit moves over, causes small subunit to shift
-each tRNA moves over, E site ejects tRNA from A site

Question 28

Small ribosomal subunit

Answer 28

bound by Met+tRNA+eIF2, eIF4 G and E help orient mRNA and small ribosomal subunit in correct places.

Question 29

Stop codon

Answer 29

binds release factor to terminate transcription

Question 30

polypeptide chain

Answer 30

multiple amino acids bonded together, N-terminus and C-terminus

Question 31

SRP

Answer 31

signal recognition particle, binds SRP receptor. when bound to signal sequence on growing polypeptide, it blocks A site

Question 32

Protein translocator

Answer 32

SRP binds to SRP receptor and transfers ribosome to translocator where protein can be translated through membrane into ER lumen

Question 33

primary structure

Answer 33

linear polypeptide chains

Question 34

secondary structure

Answer 34

R groups interacting changes conformation of protein, sheets or coils

Question 35

protein domains

Answer 35

one part of a protein that performs a specific function, such as kinase activity on TFIIH

Question 36

Post-translation modification

Answer 36

covalent change to a protein that has already been synthesized and is in its working location. phosphorylation by kinase or ubiquitination are examples