Exam 3 Genetics

Question 1

Pyrosequencing

Answer 1

DNA sequencing that relies on the detection of pyrophosphate release when new bases are added in growing DNA chain

Question 2

Sanger Sequencing

Answer 2

DNA sequencing done by random addition of ddNTP’s that terminate transcription

Question 3

Codon

Answer 3

Sequence of 3 Consecutive nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid

Question 4

stop codon

Answer 4

codon that terminates protein synthesis

Question 5

What way does RNA synthesize

Answer 5

5’ to 3’

Question 6

Helix-turn-Helix

Answer 6

DNA binding protein that bind the major groove of DNA Helix

Question 7

TATA box

Answer 7

non coding DNA promoter sequence that helps in recruitment of RNA polymerase

Question 8

RNA Polymerase 1, 2, 3

Answer 8

RNAP 1: enzyme that synthesizes ribosomal RNA
RNAP 2: enzyme that synthesizes mRNA
RNAP 3: enzyme that synthesizes tRNA

Question 9

Rho dependent termination

Answer 9

Rho protein binds to Rut site of RNA, and rolls up RNA pulling it out of RNAP by hydrolyzing ATP

Rut= rho utilization sequence

Question 10

DNA footprinting

Answer 10

method used to identify protein-DNA binding sites.

Question 11

RNA polymerase Core Enzyme

Answer 11

Alpha, alpha, beta, beta’
+
subunit Sigma that guides initiation at promoter.

Question 12

holoenzyme

Answer 12

version of eukaryotic RNAP 2 that is recruited to promoters of protein coding genes

Question 13

Maxim-Gilbert Sequencing

Answer 13

DNA sequencing by chemical degradation and electrophoresis

Question 14

Anti-termination

Answer 14

Occurs when RNAP reads through a termination signal and transcribes the genes beyond it

Question 15

Closed promoter complex

Answer 15

Holoenzyme scans down DNA and binds loosely to -35 and -10 bp regions

Question 16

Open Promoter Complex

Answer 16

Holoenzyme binds tightly and unwinds -10 region

sigma factor required

Question 17

Attenuation

Answer 17

Regulator of trp operon based on levels of tryptophan

high levels= less transcription of trp
low levels= high transcription of trp

Question 18

Jacob and Monod

Answer 18

Isolated F’ plasmids carrying portions of the lac operon to do genetics

Question 19

operon

Answer 19

co-transcribed genes

Question 20

Shine- Dalgarno sequence

Answer 20

Ribosome binding sequence on bacterial mRNA

Question 21

IPTG

Answer 21

acts like lactose, as an inducer that prevents I repressor from binding

Question 22

ONPG

Answer 22

turns yellow when cleaved by LacZ, used to detect beta galactosidase

Question 23

Lytic Cycle

Answer 23

Bacteriophage injects genetic material into cell-> uses cell machinery to replicate and eventually burst and kill cell

Question 24

Lysogenic Cycle

Answer 24

Viral DNA integrates into the host cell genome and replicates when host cell replicates

Question 25

xis/int

Answer 25

genes on Lamda genome involved in lysogenic cycle