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Genetics > Genetics Exam 3 - Quiz > Flashcards

Genetics Exam 3 - Quiz Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

According to Chargaff’s rule, if the DNA of a species contains 20% adenine, what percent of guanine will it contain?

A

30%

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2
Q

The first group of researchers to correctly identify the double-helix structure of DNA were

A

Watson and Crick

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3
Q

Avery, Macleod, and McCarty used the enzyme ____ to remove the proteins from the cell extracts

A

protease

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4
Q

The _____ was/were labeled using the radioisotope 32P in the Hershey-Chase experiments

A

DNA

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5
Q

Select the nitrogenous base found only in RNA

A

uracil

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6
Q

The building blocks of DNA are called

A

nucleotides

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7
Q

Which RNA structural pattern does NOT contain single-stranded regions

A

multi-branched junction

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8
Q

The backbone of the DNA molecule is formed by ___

A

phosphodiester bonds

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9
Q

In a double-helix DNA strand the adenine on one strand forms a hydrogen bond with a(n) ____ on the other strand

A

thymine

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10
Q

Select the feature that is incorrect about this double stranded DNA”

5’ - ATGCCCGGAAC - 3’
5’ - TACGGGCCTTG - 5’

A

The strand is not antiparallel

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11
Q

What is true in both phage lambda and HIV infections

A

There can be a long latent period where no sign of infection, such as cell death is detectable

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12
Q

A bacteriophage that is physically integrated into the host chromosome is called a ___

A

prophage

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13
Q

A ____ frequently integrates into the host genome, forming prophages and utilizing a lysogenic cycle to manufacture new phages

A

temperate phage

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14
Q

Vaccines have been very useful in preventing viral diseaSe. In fact, they have lead to the eradication of smallpox from the world’s human population. Most vaccines result in the host producing antibodies (proteins that bind to specific amino acid sequences) that bind to specific viral proteins. What might be a reason why a vaccine for HIV has been so difficult to develop

A

the high mutation rate of HIV

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15
Q

Which virus uses reverse transcriptase in its reporductive cycle

A

HIV

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16
Q

You perform an experiment like that performed by Fraenkel-Contrat and Singer on TMV. However, in the first step when the viruses are reconstituted, you decide to add RNase to your HR RNA and wild-type proteins. what will be the content of the newluy made viral proteins after he reconstituted viruses is placed on leaves

A

No new viral proteins will be made

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17
Q

What is the genetic material in the parvovirus

A

single-stranded DNA

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18
Q

What is the genetic material in the T4 bacteriophage

A

Double-stranded DNA

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19
Q

What is a property of emerging viruses

A

may lead to a significant loss of human life

recent origin

more likely to cause infection compared to other strains

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20
Q

If protein was the genetic material of TMV rather than RNA, what would be the result of the Fraekel-Contrat/Singer experiments when using HR proteins and wild-type RNA

A

HR type lesions, histidine and methionine in the capsid protein

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21
Q

How many origins of replication are there in a bacterial chromosome

A

1

22
Q

where do kinetochores attach to chromosomes

A

centromeres

23
Q

The majority of the non-repetitive genes in an organism are found in which of the following

A

unique sequences

24
Q

The DNA of a bacterial cell must be compacted about ____ fold to fit within the confines of the cell

A

1000

25
Q

The correct order of compaction from least to greateest

A

naked DNA

nucleosome

30nm fiber

loop

metaphase chromosome

26
Q

You are performing an experiment to identify chromosome territories in a species with 6 pairs of homologous chromosome, plus two sex chromosomes. You use 7 different colored fluorescent molecules (one for each chromosome and one for the sex chromosome) and link each one to a probe that is highly conserved at the centromere of each chromosome in this species. what will be the result of your experiment

A

The chromosomes will all be marked but you won’t be able to tell which chromosomes in which

27
Q

A double stranded stretch of eukaryotic DNA is 250,000 bp long. IF the average linker is about 54 bp how many nucleosomes would be present on this piece of DNA

A

1250

28
Q

The formation of what structure would be impaired if a cell was lacking CTCF proteins

A

loop domains

29
Q

Transposons that use an RNA intermediate for transposition are called

A

retrotransposons

30
Q

A transposon is inserted into the sequence 5’ GACTC 3’ following simple transposition into the site, what sequences flank the transposon

A

5’ GACTC 3’
5’ GACTC 3’

31
Q

In the attachment of a nucleotide to a DNA strand, the cleavage of the dNTP into deoxyribunucleoside monophosphate and pyrophosphate is ___

A

exergonic

32
Q

How many DNA polymerase are found in prokaryotes

A

5

33
Q

What enzyme relaxes supercoiling ahead of the replication fork

A

topoisomerase

34
Q

What is the purpose of Okazaki fragments

A

To allow DNA to be synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction on the lagging strand

35
Q

How many origins of replication does a bacterial chromosome contain?

A

1

36
Q

In yeast, which of the following is similar to the oriC region of prokaryotes

A

ARS elements

37
Q

If eukaryotic cells evolved such that lagging strand DNA synthesis could occur continuously (without the use of Okazaki fragments), what enzyme would likely no longer be needed for DNA replication?

A

flap endonuclease

38
Q

What process does the Holliday model help explain

A

recombination between homologous chromosomes

39
Q

You have isolated what appears to be alien DNA. While studying its replication, you performed the exact experiment Meselson and Stahl did. After three generations, the DNA is subjected to a CsCl gradient and only one band appears. What type of replication does this DNA undergo?

A

dispersive

40
Q

Which describes the mechanism of DNA replication in which the newly made double-stranded DNA contains one parental strand and one daughter starnd?

A

semiconservative

41
Q

What is the name of the site in eukaryotic DNA where general transcription factors associate?

A

promoter

42
Q

Following transcription, the RNA has complementary sequence to

A

teh template strand of dna

43
Q

In eukaryotic organisms, what process is important for the initiation of translation

A

5’ capping

44
Q

What enables the splicing of group I and II introns

A

ribozymes

45
Q

In eukaryotic organisms, what RNA modification is important for mRNA stability

A

3’ polyA tailing

46
Q

Which subunit of the prokaryotic RNA polymerase carries out catalytic synthesis of RNA?

A

beta

47
Q

Both the rho-dependent and rho-independent mechanisms of termination

A

involve the formation of a stem-loop structure

48
Q

In eukaryotic organisms, what protein allows RNA polymerase II to interact with transcription factors bound to enhancers or silencers

A

mediator

49
Q

A mutation occurs in one of the general transcription factors necessary for eukaryotic transcription. A pre-initation complex forms, but the open complex does not form. Further, TFIIB, TFIIE, and TFIIIH are not releaSed from the DNA. The mutation is most likely in which general transcription factor

A

TFIIH

50
Q

What region in eukaryotic genes cotnains the majority of regualtory elements

A

-50 to -100

Genetics (11 decks)

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