Genetics Exam 2 Flashcards
purine
a structural type of nitrogenous base that is double ringed, adenine and guanine
pyrimidine
a structural type of nitrogenous base that is single ringed, cytosine and thymine
how many hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine
2
how many hydrogen bonds between guanine and cytosine
3
what enzyme is used to relieve supercoiling
topoisomerase
what initially binds to the TATA box in eukaryotes?
TFIID
in translation, the creation of peptide bonds between amino acids is catalyzed by?
rRNA
ribozyme is an enzyme made of nucleotides
what are the requirements of genetic material
- localized to nucleus and chromosomes
- present in a stable form
- complex enough to contain genetic info that directs structure, function, development and reproduction
- able to accurately replicate itself so that daughter cells contain same info as parent cells
- mutable
primary structure of protein
linear sequence of amino acids
joined by covalent bonds
secondary structure of protein
local structures formed by
nearby amino acids interacting by
hydrogen bonds
(alpha helix, beta sheet)
tertiary structure in protein
final 3D shape of the protein formed by long range
interactions between amino acids
(hydrophobic hydrophilic interactions)
quaternary structure in protein
several proteins or peptides work together for a function
SSB/RPA
prevents reannealing of DNA
topoisomerase
prevents supercoiling
helicase
opens double helix
primase
synthesizes RNA primers
DNA Pol 1/Rnase H
Replaces RNA primers with DNA bases
DNA Pol 3/DNA Pol Alpha
synthesizes DNA
DNA ligase
joins DNA segments
release factor
protein that recognizes stop codon
aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
charges tRNA with corresponding amino acid
Shine-dalgarno sequence
site on prokaryotic mRNA where ribosome binds
peptidyl transferase
forms peptide bond between amino acids
elongation factor
protein required to move forward one codon
