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Biology > Genetics Exam 2 > Flashcards

Genetics Exam 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

purine

A

a structural type of nitrogenous base that is double ringed, adenine and guanine

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2
Q

pyrimidine

A

a structural type of nitrogenous base that is single ringed, cytosine and thymine

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3
Q

how many hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine

A

2

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4
Q

how many hydrogen bonds between guanine and cytosine

A

3

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5
Q

what enzyme is used to relieve supercoiling

A

topoisomerase

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6
Q

what initially binds to the TATA box in eukaryotes?

A

TFIID

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7
Q

in translation, the creation of peptide bonds between amino acids is catalyzed by?

A

rRNA

ribozyme is an enzyme made of nucleotides

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8
Q

what are the requirements of genetic material

A
  1. localized to nucleus and chromosomes
  2. present in a stable form
  3. complex enough to contain genetic info that directs structure, function, development and reproduction
  4. able to accurately replicate itself so that daughter cells contain same info as parent cells
  5. mutable
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9
Q

primary structure of protein

A

linear sequence of amino acids

joined by covalent bonds

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10
Q

secondary structure of protein

A

local structures formed by
nearby amino acids interacting by
hydrogen bonds
(alpha helix, beta sheet)

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11
Q

tertiary structure in protein

A

final 3D shape of the protein formed by long range
interactions between amino acids
(hydrophobic hydrophilic interactions)

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12
Q

quaternary structure in protein

A

several proteins or peptides work together for a function

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13
Q

SSB/RPA

A

prevents reannealing of DNA

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14
Q

topoisomerase

A

prevents supercoiling

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15
Q

helicase

A

opens double helix

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16
Q

primase

A

synthesizes RNA primers

17
Q

DNA Pol 1/Rnase H

A

Replaces RNA primers with DNA bases

18
Q

DNA Pol 3/DNA Pol Alpha

A

synthesizes DNA

19
Q

DNA ligase

A

joins DNA segments

20
Q

release factor

A

protein that recognizes stop codon

21
Q

aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

A

charges tRNA with corresponding amino acid

22
Q

Shine-dalgarno sequence

A

site on prokaryotic mRNA where ribosome binds

23
Q

peptidyl transferase

A

forms peptide bond between amino acids

24
Q

elongation factor

A

protein required to move forward one codon

25
Q

Avery Macleod McCarty

A

DNA is the genetic material

26
Q

Marshal Nirenberg

A

genetic code read in groups of 3 nucleotides

27
Q

Beadle & Tatum

A

one gene-one enzyme

28
Q

Meselson & Stahl

A

semiconservative

29
Q

Crick

A

decipher genetic code

30
Q

chromosomes

A

made up of DNA

31
Q

DNA pol

A

made up of proteins

32
Q

ribosomes

A

made up of protein and RNA

33
Q

genes

A

made up of DNA

Biology (7 decks)

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