Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 110 > Genetics Exam > Flashcards

Genetics Exam Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment

A

Inheritance of one trait is not dependent on inheritance of another because their genes are sorted separately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mendel’s Law of Segregation

A

Requires that offspring can inherit only one version of an allele of a gene, no 2 homologous chromosomes can be inherited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Amino acids are created by how many nucleotides?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

DNA nucleotide pairs

A

A and T
G and C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

RNA nucleotide

A

A and U
G and C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Semi Conservative Replication

A

A single strand of DNA is used as a template for its respective partner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many nucleotides are in a codon?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

DNA Backbone

A

phosphate and a sugar which nucleotide extends from

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What phase does DNA replication occur?

A

S phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What phase are corrections made to DNA in?

A

G2 phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Helicase

A

unwinds the DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Single strand binding proteins

A

hold DNA open during replication process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Primase

A

initiates DNA replication by synthesizing RNA primers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

RNA Primers

A

RNA that initiates DNA synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

DNA Polymerase

A

adds nucleotides to the DNA strand being built

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Direction of Replication

A

DNA polymerase can only build strands in the direction of 5’-3’ and the corresponding strand would be 3’-5’ in the direction of replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ligase

A

bind two strands of DNA together after replication to created a fully formed double helix

18
Q

Okazaki Fragments

A

fragments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand of DNA and fused together by the ligase

19
Q

Germline Mutation

A

Occurs in the early cells before sperm and eggs are formed and can be passed onto the next generation

20
Q

Soma Mutation

A

Occurs in the cells that aren’t incorporated in gamete production and are not passed onto the next generation

21
Q

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PRC)

A

lab technique that produces millions of copies of DNA

22
Q

Denaturation

A

first step of PCR, DNA is heated to separate the two complimentary strands

23
Q

Annealing

A

second step of PCR, temperature is lowered so that DNA primers attach to regions around the segment of DNA to be copied

24
Q

Elongation

A

third step of PCR, DNA polymerase copies the template segment of DNA

25
Q

Last step of PCR

A

full process is repeated to obtain the desired amount of DNA

26
Q

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

A

DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA and mRNA in translated into proteins, meaning DNA codes for protein synthesis

27
Q

Transcription

A

synthesis of RNA from DNA

28
Q

Translation

A

synthesis of proteins from RNA

29
Q

Transcription process

A

DNA is separated and one strand is used as a template strand to make mRNA which is complementary to the template strand

30
Q

RNA Polymerase

A

attaches to the template strand and synthesizes RNA molecule

31
Q

Nucleosomes

A

DNA wraps around nucleosomes that attach, condensing the DNA into chromatids

32
Q

Transcription Factors

A

bind to the DNA after separation to signal the RNA polymerase to begin

33
Q

Terminator Sequence

A

A sequence of DNA that signals for the RNA polymerase to finish

34
Q

rRNA

A

codes for the ribosome that creates proteins

35
Q

tRNA

A

has an attach site for specific amino acids and anticodons that correspond to the mRNA codons

36
Q

Ribosomes composed of

A

two subunits of rRNA and some proteins

37
Q

Three steps of translation

A

initiation, elongation, and termination

38
Q

Initiation

A

mRNA binds to a small ribosomal unit at the initiation codon and the larger ribosomal unit attaches making the initiation complex complete

39
Q

Elongation

A

RNA codons are read and the polypeptides are formed and bonded

40
Q

Termination

A

when the ribosome reaches the stop codon and detached, completing the translation

41
Q

Ultraviolet radiation damages DNA by causing an extra ___________________ bond to form between adjacent ______________.

A

covalent, thymines.

Biology 110 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions