genetics- DNA

Question 1

DNA is an abbreviation for:

Answer 1

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

DNA stores what?

Answer 2

genetic information

Question 3

differences in DNA result in:

Answer 3

variations in characteristics and allow organisms to evolve

Question 4

nucleotides are:

Answer 4

basic building blocks of nucleic acids

Question 5

the three main types of nucleus acid are:

Answer 5

DNA
RNA
ATP

Question 6

nucleotides consist of three components, they are:

Answer 6

a phosphate group
a sugar
a nitrogenous base

Question 7

the four nitrogen bases in DNA are

Answer 7

adenine (A)
cytosine (C)
guanine (G)
thymine (T)

Question 8

What are the characteristics of the DNA molecule

Answer 8

two strands of nucleotides
twisted ladder(double helix) structure
sides of ladder are made up of sugar and phosphate groups covalently bonded
rung of ladder is made of two complementary nitrogenous bases held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 9

what type of bond do sugar and phosphate groups have

Answer 9

covalent bond

Question 10

what type of bond holds together complementary nitrogenous bonds

Answer 10

hydrogen bond

Question 11

what is the name for nitrogenous bases that pair together

Answer 11

complimentary bases

Question 12

parents pass DNA to their?

Answer 12

offspring

Question 13

what does DNA code for

Answer 13

specific proteins

Question 14

a complete sequence of DNA is called a ____

Answer 14

genome

Question 15

during interphase, DNA exists as:

Answer 15

condensed fibres called chromatin

Question 16

during mitosis, DNA is:

Answer 16

in a very condensed form called chromosomes

Question 17

how many chromosomes are in human somatic cells

Answer 17

46

Question 18

what cells are the chromosomes located in?

Answer 18

somatic(body) cells

Question 19

chromosome pairs:
how many?
function?

Answer 19

23 pairs
one pair is the sex chromosomes
other 22 are called autosomes

Question 20

Define: Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 20

a chromosome that contains the same sequence of genes as another chromosome

they are not identical to each other

Question 21

Define: Gene

Answer 21

a specific section of a chromosome that governs the expression of a trait and is passed on to offspring

Question 22

Define: Allele

Answer 22

a different form of the same gene

Question 23

Define: Karyotype

Answer 23

a photograph of pairs of homologous chromosomes in a cell
the chromosome pairs are arranged and numbered in order of their length from longest to shortest
the sex chromosomes are placed last

Question 24

a cell does what with its DNA once in the cell cycle?

Answer 24

replicates or copies

Question 25

Define: DNA Replication

Answer 25

a process that makes identical copies of a DNA molecule

Question 26

Each new DNA molecule consists of:

Answer 26

an original parent strand and a new daughter strand

Question 27

What DNA is used to produce?

Answer 27

RNA from specific genes using transcription

Question 28

RNA is translated to produce what?

Answer 28

a protein

Question 29

The sequence of bases in the DNA molecule determines what?

Answer 29

the specific sequence of amino acids in the protein molecules