Genetics and DNA Flashcards
Recessive Trait
Surpressed
Dominant Trait
Expressed
Genes
Units of information, a segment of DNA which transmits information from parent to offspring
Homozygous
Containing two factors with the same information
Heterozygous
Containing two factors that are different.
Allele
Also know as a gene is a copy of a factor
Phenotype
Alleles which determine the physical apperance
Genotype
Is a set of alleles an individual has.
Chromosome
a rod-shaped structure that forms when a single DNA molecule and its associated proteins coil tightly before cell division
Chromatids
Two copies of each chromosome
Centromeres
Protein discs that attach the chromatids togethere
Human cells have how many chromosome sets?
23
Gametes
Sperm and eggs
DNA Molecule
A long thing molecule made of subunites
Nucleotides
Subunits that make up a DNA molecule
Nucleic acid chain
binds the nucleotides togethere to make DNA
Nucleotide parts
Phosphate group, Five-carbon sugar, and nitrogen base
Purines
Adenine and Guanine large organic molecules
Pyrimidines
Thymine and cytosine which have a single ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms.
DNA Replication
The process of synthesizing a new strand of DNA. A DNA molecule replicates by separating into two strands, building a complementary strand, and twisting to form a double helix.
Transcription
the first step in usind DNA to direct the making of a protein.
Messenger RNA
A copy of a gene used as a blueprint for a protein.
Transfer RNA
translates mRNA sequences into amino acid sequences.
Ribosomal RNA
play a structural role in ribosomses.
RNA Polymerase
Performs transcription until it reaches a stop codon on the DNA called a terminator.
Transalation
The making of proteins by mRNA binding to a ribosome with the start codon that initiates the production of amino acids.
Peptide Bond
Forms and connects the amino acids together.
