Genetics and DNA

Question 1

Recessive Trait

Answer 1

Surpressed

Question 1

Dominant Trait

Answer 1

Expressed

Question 2

Genes

Answer 2

Units of information, a segment of DNA which transmits information from parent to offspring

Question 3

Homozygous

Answer 3

Containing two factors with the same information

Question 4

Heterozygous

Answer 4

Containing two factors that are different.

Question 5

Allele

Answer 5

Also know as a gene is a copy of a factor

Question 6

Phenotype

Answer 6

Alleles which determine the physical apperance

Question 7

Genotype

Answer 7

Is a set of alleles an individual has.

Question 8

Chromosome

Answer 8

a rod-shaped structure that forms when a single DNA molecule and its associated proteins coil tightly before cell division

Question 9

Chromatids

Answer 9

Two copies of each chromosome

Question 10

Centromeres

Answer 10

Protein discs that attach the chromatids togethere

Question 11

Human cells have how many chromosome sets?

Answer 11

23

Question 12

Gametes

Answer 12

Sperm and eggs

Question 13

DNA Molecule

Answer 13

A long thing molecule made of subunites

Question 14

Nucleotides

Answer 14

Subunits that make up a DNA molecule

Question 15

Nucleic acid chain

Answer 15

binds the nucleotides togethere to make DNA

Question 16

Nucleotide parts

Answer 16

Phosphate group, Five-carbon sugar, and nitrogen base

Question 17

Purines

Answer 17

Adenine and Guanine large organic molecules

Question 18

Pyrimidines

Answer 18

Thymine and cytosine which have a single ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms.

Question 19

DNA Replication

Answer 19

The process of synthesizing a new strand of DNA. A DNA molecule replicates by separating into two strands, building a complementary strand, and twisting to form a double helix.

Question 20

Transcription

Answer 20

the first step in usind DNA to direct the making of a protein.

Question 21

Messenger RNA

Answer 21

A copy of a gene used as a blueprint for a protein.

Question 22

Transfer RNA

Answer 22

translates mRNA sequences into amino acid sequences.

Question 23

Ribosomal RNA

Answer 23

play a structural role in ribosomses.

Question 24

RNA Polymerase

Answer 24

Performs transcription until it reaches a stop codon on the DNA called a terminator.

Question 25

Transalation

Answer 25

The making of proteins by mRNA binding to a ribosome with the start codon that initiates the production of amino acids.

Question 26

Peptide Bond

Answer 26

Forms and connects the amino acids together.