Genetics A2 Flashcards
What is a silent mutation
Different base but still makes same amino acid so has no effect
What is a non-sense mutation
When there is a different base which causes a premature stop codon
What is a mis-sense mutation?
When a different base leads to a completely different amino acid being formed
What do mutagenic agents do ?
Increase the frequency of mutations
What are transcription factors
Proteins that bind to DNA and switch genes on or off by increasing or decreasing the rate of transcription
What does an operon consist of?
Structural genes, control site (operator and promotor) and regulatory gene
What is an intron
Sections of DNA that dont code for amino acids
What needs to be removed from primary mRNA to make it mature
Introns removed by splicing
What does cAMP do?
Activates proteins inside the cell by altering their 3D shape (eg active site)
What are hox genes
Genes that code for proteins that control body plan development
