All

Question 1

Why is the bilayer in cell membranes fluid?

Answer 1

The phospholipids are constantly moving

Question 2

How does cholesterol give membranes stability

Answer 2

Binds to the hydrophobic tails of phospholipids causing then to pack closely together

Question 3

What is facilitated diffusion

Answer 3

Large molecules diffusing through carrier or channel proteins

Question 4

3 functions of cytoskeleton

Answer 4

Support organelles
Strengthen cell
Help movement

Question 5

Type of cartilage in the trachea

Answer 5

C shaped pieces

Question 6

What are alpha and beta glucose

Answer 6

Monosaccharide (carbohydrate)

Question 7

What bond joins monosaccharides together

Answer 7

Glycocidic bonds

Question 8

3 examples of carbohydrates

Answer 8

Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose

Question 9

Structure of starch

Answer 9

Amylose - long unbranched chain and coiled

Amylopectin - long branched chain

Question 10

Structure of glycogen

Answer 10

Similar to amylopectin (long and branched) but with many more side branches

Question 11

How does glycogen having lots of side branches help it’s function

Answer 11

Means glucose can be released quickly

Question 12

Structure of cellulose

Answer 12

Long unbranched chains of beta glucose

Question 13

What makes up a triglyceride

Answer 13

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 14

What bond forms triglycerides

Answer 14

Ester bonds

Question 15

What are triglycerides

Answer 15

Lipids

Question 16

What are carbohydrates made up of

Answer 16

Monosaccharides

Question 17

What are proteins made up of

Answer 17

Amino acids

Question 18

What do all amino acids contain

Answer 18

Amino group (H2N)
Carboxyl group (COOH)
Variable grouo (R)

Question 19

What bond joins amino acids together

Answer 19

Peptide bonds

Question 20

Example of a fibrous protein

Answer 20

Cartilage

Question 21

What do nucleotides make up

Answer 21

DNA and RNA

Question 22

Pentose sugar in DNA

Answer 22

Deoxyribose

Question 23

2 purine bases

Answer 23

A & G

Question 24

2 pyrimidine bases

Answer 24

C & T

Question 25

What is a cofactor

Answer 25

A non protein substance that binds to enzymes to allow then to work

Question 26

What is a coenzyme

Answer 26

An organic molecule version of a cofactor

Question 27

What happens during Prophase in Mitosis

Answer 27

``` Chromosomes condense (shorter and fatter) Centrioles move to opposite ends of cell forming spindle Nuclear envelope breaks down ```

Question 28

What happend during Metaphase in mitosis

Answer 28

Chromosomes line up in middle of cell and attatch to spindle

Question 29

What hapoens in Anaphase in mitosis

Answer 29

Centromeres divide seperating each pair of sister chromatids | Spindle contracts, pulling chromotids to opposite ends of cell

Question 30

What haooens during telophase in mitosis

Answer 30

``` Chromatids uncoil (chromosomes again) Nuclear envelope forms around the two groups of chromosomes ```

Question 31

What is produced by meiosis

Answer 31

4 haploid daughter cells

Question 32

4 tyoes of animal tissue

Answer 32

Squamous epithelium Ciliated epithelium Muscle tissue Cartilage

Question 33

Where is squamous epithelium tissue found

Answer 33

Lining surfaces

Question 34

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 34

Smooth Cardiac Skeletal

Question 35

3 properties of xylem to help it's function

Answer 35

``` No end walls to form uninterrupted tube Dead cells (hollow) to transport water Walls contain lignin to support ```

Question 36

What are sieve tube elements

Answer 36

Living cells that form the phloem

Question 37

Why do sieve tube elements need companion cells

Answer 37

They lack a nucleus so companion cells carry out living functions for them and sieve tube elements

Question 38

What is species richness

Answer 38

Number of differant species in an area

Question 39

5 kingdoms

Answer 39

``` Protoctista Prokaryote Fungi Plantae Animalia ```

Question 40

Taxonomic hierachy

Answer 40

``` Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species ```

Question 41

2 adaptations of marram grass

Answer 41

Stomata sunk into pits | Roll leaves in hot/windy conditions

Question 42

2 adaptations of cacti

Answer 42

Thick waxy layer | Spines instead of leaves to reduce surface area

Question 43

What is translocation

Answer 43

Movement of dissolved substances around the plant in the phloem

Question 44

What is a leukocyte

Answer 44

White blood cell

Question 45

Two types of leukocytes

Answer 45

Lymphocytes and phagocytes

Question 46

Two types of lymphocytes

Answer 46

B cells and T cells

Question 47

Two tyoes of phagocyte

Answer 47

Monocyte and macrophage

Question 48

What is a erythrocyte

Answer 48

Red blood cell

Question 49

Example of natural active immunity

Answer 49

Become immune after catching a disease

Question 50

Example of artificial active immunity

Answer 50

Vaccination

Question 51

Example of natural passive immunity

Answer 51

Baby receives antibodies from mothers placenta or breast milk