Genetics Flashcards
Mono hybrid cross
A cross between two individuals that differ by one trait
Madeline ratio
3:1
What are alleles
Hereditary factors
A diploid organism has 2 Allen’s for each gene
Law of segregation
States that traits are determined by pairs of alleles that segregate during meiosis so that each Kami receives one allele upon fertilization each offspring contains one allele from each parent the form of that trait is expressed in an individual depends on whether they inherit a dominant or recessive allele
Law independent assortment
During gamete formation two alleles for one gene segregate resort independently of the alleles for
other jeans
Mendles other ratio
9:3:3:1
Continuous variation
Is a range of variation in one tray resulting from the activity of many genes
Poly genetic traits
Traits that are controlled by many genes
Polygene
A group of jeans that all contribute to the same trait is called
Heterozygous advantage
Heterozygous individuals have an advantage over both homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive individual’s. Example sickle cell anaemia immune to malaria but don’t have symptoms of sickle cell
Codominance
Is a condition in which both alleles for a trait are equally expressed in a heterozygote. Example a roan cow from a red cow and a white cow
Incomplete dominance
Is a condition in which neither allele for a gene completely conceals a presence of the other. Example is a white cat and a black cat make a gray cat
Mitosis stages and what they do
Mitosis makes to diploid daughter cells mitosis does not result in any genetic variation. Meiosis makes four haploid sex cells that are all genetically different.
Chromosome numbers in meiosis
20, 20, 20, 10, 10, 10, 20,10
Genetic recombination
Is her genetic variation is obtained in cells from meiosis. The products of meiosis have different combination of allelesThis gives rise to offspring that are genetically different from one another and their parents this greatly increases the genetic variation in a population
Explain how genetic recombination happens in meiosis
Synopsis, tetras, crossing over at the chaismata
Independent assortment happens in metaphase one when it is every combination of the heart emoji’s partner at the equator
Dihybrid cross
Across of two individuals that differ into traits due to two different genes
Do you write out each blood type
IAIA, IAi
IAIB
ii
Immunoglobulin
How do you calculate the number of distinct gametes that can be made
Two to the power of n
Genotype
The combination of alleles an organism has
Phenotype
The expression of the genotype
Homozygous
Two identical alleles
Heterozygous
Two different alleles
Somatic cell
I somatic cell is a body cell and it is everything but sex cells. They have a diploid number of chromosomes
Gamete cell
Sex cell sperm or egg, Are haploid
Test cross
A cross between a parent of unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive parent
Homologous chromosome
Pairs of chromosomes that appear similar in terms of length centromere location and banding pattern, they are not identical to each other because although they may have the same jeans they have different alleles in those jeans
Autozomes
Are chromosomes that are not involved in determining the sex of an organism
Genetic disorders
Trisomy 21, trisomy 18, Trisomy 13,
XXY, XYY,XXX,X
Name all the genetic disorders
Down syndrome , Edward syndrome, patteau
Klinefelter’s, Edwards, triple X, turner.
What is nondisjunction
It is when homologous chromosome pairs do not separate. It results in gametes with two few or too many chromosomes
Mnosomy
Trisomy
Is when you have too many chromosomes trust me, is when you have to less chromosomes Madison me.
