evolution Flashcards
adaptation
is a structural or behavioural or physiological process that allows it to better to survive and reproduce in its environment.
variations
are differences between individuals which may be structural, behavioural or physiological. variations can become adaptations depending on if environmental conditions
ex of adaptation
mimicry
hibernation
camouflage
evolution
the idea of how organism survive and therefore reproduce and pass on the genes that allowed them to survive their environment
genetic variations, what can cause them
crossing over and genetic recombination
gene flow and inmigration
mutations * the only source of new genetic variation bc it makes different alleles
mutation def
a permanent change in an organisms genetic material
selective advantage*
is a genetic advantage that allows an organism to survive in a changing environment
natural selection
is the change is the characteristics of a population over the course of generations as organisms survive and reproduce, passing on traits to the next generation.
what makes natural selection possible
natural selection is bassed against the environment and is situational.
there must be diversity amoungst a species for it to occur
what is fitness*
it’s the ability of an organism to contribute to the next generation and produce viable offspring that can also reproduce
artificial selection
is changes in the characteristics of a population due to selective pressure asserted by humans on a population to modify or improve a particular trait.
compare artificial and natural selection
the driving force behind the artificial selection is humans as they chose what traits they want to show up in the next generation for their own benefit, but the driving force behind natural selection is the environment, as the environment changes its selects the organisms that will best be able to survive and reproduce. it’s situational.
what did Lyell do/think
he said that geographical process happens at the same rate as they do today and called this uniformitarianism, the sow changes over time amount to allot.
what did Couvier do/think
he discovered palaeontology
he said that there were revolutions that wiped out species, (catastrophism)
uniformitarianism
the geographical process happens at the same rate as they do today and called this uniformitarianism, the sow changes over time amount to allot.
catastrophism
he said that there were revolutions that wiped out species, (catastrophism) and new species can into existence(to justify the changes in the organisms in the stratum, more dissimilar than today
darwin say
theory of evolution by natural selection
lamark say
inheritance of acquired characteristics.
inheritance of acquired characteristics.
all organisms evolved til they reached a level of perfection as they increased in complexity. bodyparts used, enhance, body parts unused, lost.
theory of evolution by natural selection
life has change and will continue to change throughout its history.
a] organisms produce mor offspring than tht can suvive so they compete for resources
b] individuals of a population vary extensivly and its heritable
c] individual suited for the local environment will survive and produce more ofspring
d] its a slow and gradual process
what are the evidence for evolution
fossil records embryology transitional fossils DNA anatomy
fossil records
are in sedementary rock and show history of life of all the organ isms of the past. younger layes of rock are more closly reLATED T ORGnisms of today
not all oranisms will be in the same layer
appear in cronological order
embryology
the study of pre-birth stages of development. many similarities prove evolutionary orign
transitional fossils
fossils that show links between no w 2 seperate groups and still relate to both is some way
