Genetics Flashcards
Composition of DNA
a pentose sugar/deoxyribose sugar
A phosphate group
A nitrogenous base (Adenine (A) + Thymine (T), Cytosine (C) + Guanine (G)
Insertion
base is inserted in code
Base - pair substitution
nucleotide is replaced with another nucleotide
Deletion
one nucleotide is deleted
Inversion
order is changed
Mendel’s Laws
The principle of segregation (First Law): The two members of a gene pair (alleles) segregate (separate) from each other in the formation of gametes. Half the gametes carry one allele, and the other half carry the other allele.
The principle of independent assortment (Second Law): Genes for different traits assort independently of one another in the formation of gametes.
Turner syndrome
missing an x chromosome
Klinefelter syndrome
extra x chromosome
Patau syndrome
trisomy of chromosome 13
Edwards syndrome
trisomy of chromosome 18
Down syndrome
trisomy of chromosome 21
Diploid cells contain two sets of chromosomes
Haploid cells have one set of chromosomes
Sexual reproduction
Fusion of two sex cells
Requires gametes
Genetically variable
Asexual reproduction
Single parent cell
Cell division (no sex cells)
Genetically identical
Dna microarray
a tool that lets scientists observe and perform experiments on DNA sequences and their locations
Vector
vehicle by which a gene is transferred between cells
Restriction enzymes
modules that cut DNA in specific places, in order to isolate the specific gene
Insertion
inserting a gene into DNA
Transgenic plant
a plant made from inserted DNA
Gene Therapy
Experimental technique used to correct defective genes by insertion a normal into the genome correcting the mistake in the sequence
Flaws placement is random and cannot be controlled immune response could be triggered shown promise in treating inherited blindness and deafness
AB = universal recipient due to
lack of antibodies
O = universal donor due to
lack of antigens
