Genetics

Question 1

Composition of DNA

Answer 1

a pentose sugar/deoxyribose sugar
A phosphate group
A nitrogenous base (Adenine (A) + Thymine (T), Cytosine (C) + Guanine (G)

Question 2

Insertion

Answer 2

base is inserted in code

Question 3

Base - pair substitution

Answer 3

nucleotide is replaced with another nucleotide

Question 4

Deletion

Answer 4

one nucleotide is deleted

Question 5

Inversion

Answer 5

order is changed

Question 6

Mendel’s Laws

Answer 6

The principle of segregation (First Law): The two members of a gene pair (alleles) segregate (separate) from each other in the formation of gametes. Half the gametes carry one allele, and the other half carry the other allele.
The principle of independent assortment (Second Law): Genes for different traits assort independently of one another in the formation of gametes.

Question 7

Turner syndrome

Answer 7

missing an x chromosome

Question 8

Klinefelter syndrome

Answer 8

extra x chromosome

Question 9

Patau syndrome

Answer 9

trisomy of chromosome 13

Question 10

Edwards syndrome

Answer 10

trisomy of chromosome 18

Question 11

Down syndrome

Answer 11

trisomy of chromosome 21

Question 12

Diploid cells contain two sets of chromosomes

Answer 12

Haploid cells have one set of chromosomes

Question 13

Sexual reproduction

Answer 13

Fusion of two sex cells
Requires gametes
Genetically variable

Question 14

Asexual reproduction

Answer 14

Single parent cell
Cell division (no sex cells)
Genetically identical

Question 15

Dna microarray

Answer 15

a tool that lets scientists observe and perform experiments on DNA sequences and their locations

Question 16

Vector

Answer 16

vehicle by which a gene is transferred between cells

Question 17

Restriction enzymes

Answer 17

modules that cut DNA in specific places, in order to isolate the specific gene

Question 18

Insertion

Answer 18

inserting a gene into DNA

Question 19

Transgenic plant

Answer 19

a plant made from inserted DNA

Question 20

Gene Therapy

Answer 20

Experimental technique used to correct defective genes by insertion a normal into the genome correcting the mistake in the sequence
Flaws placement is random and cannot be controlled immune response could be triggered shown promise in treating inherited blindness and deafness

Question 21

AB = universal recipient due to

Answer 21

lack of antibodies

Question 22

O = universal donor due to

Answer 22

lack of antigens