Genetics Flashcards
Gamete
A mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.
Nucleus
The large, membrane-bounded organelle that contains the genetic material, in the form of multiple linear DNA molecules organized into structures called chromosomes
Chromosome
Chromosomes are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells. Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
Gene
Genes are segments of DNA located on chromosomes that contain the instructions for protein production
Allele (what?)
each of two or more alternative forms of a gene.
Allele (How?)
Arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.
Dominant
An allele or a gene that is expressed in an organism’s phenotype, masking the effect of the recessive allele or gene when present.
Recessive
An allele in which the effect is not tangible, or is masked by the effects of the dominant gene.
Phenotype (what?)
Phenotype is defined as an organism’s expressed physical traits.
Phenotype (how?)
Phenotype is determined by an individual’s genotype and expressed genes, random genetic variation, and environmental influences.
Haploid
Having the same number of sets of chromosomes as a germ cell, or half the diploid number of a somatic cell. The haploid number (23 in humans) is the normal chromosome complement of germ cells.
Diploid
Having two sets of chromosomes or double the haploid number of chromosomes in the germ cell. The diploid number is 46 in humans.
Sex Linkage
An association between genes in sex chromosomes such that the characteristics determined by these genes appear more frequently in one sex than in the other.
Co-Dominance + Example
A form of dominance in which the alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are fully expressed thereby resulting in offspring with a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive. Blood types.
Punnett Square
idk draw it in the air u got this.
