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Ultimate Biology Review > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The study of genes and heredity?

A

Genetics

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2
Q

Who is known as the father of genetics?

A

Gregor Mendel

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3
Q

What did Mendel study?

A

Pea Plants

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4
Q

Offspring with same traits as parents?

A

Purebred

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5
Q

Offspring with different traits than parents?

A

Hybrids

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6
Q

Mendel’s 3 Principles?

A
  1. Principle of Dominance and Recessiveness
  2. Principle of Segregation
  3. Principle of Independent Assortment
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7
Q

Threadlike structure of DNA?

A

Chromosome

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8
Q

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that controls a particular trait?

A

Gene

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9
Q

What are different molecular forms of a gene?

A

Alleles

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10
Q

What allele masks the expression of another allele?

A

Dominant Allele

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11
Q

What allele is masked?

A

Recessive Allele

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12
Q

How are Dominant Alleles written?

A

Capital Letters (A, B, C, etc.)

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13
Q

How are Recessive Alleles written?

A

Lower Case Letters (a, b, c, etc.)

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14
Q

Humans have how many chromosomes?

A

46

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15
Q

What is it called when an organism has two identical alleles for a particular trait?

A

Homozygous

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16
Q

What is it called when an organism has two different alleles for the same trait?

A

Heterozygous

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17
Q

What do you call the physical characteristics that make up an organisms?

A

Phenotype

18
Q

What do you call the genetic makeup of an organism?

A

The Genotype

19
Q

What is the genotype AA an example of?

A

Homozygous Dominant

20
Q

What is the Genotype aa an example of?

A

Homozygous Recessive

21
Q

What is the genotype Aa an example of?

A

Heterozygous

22
Q

What is a tool used for working genetic crosses?

A

Punnet Square

23
Q

What is a cross between individuals involving only one trait?

A

Monohybrid Cross

24
Q

What is it when one allele is not completely dominant over another, and the heterozygous phenotype is a blending of the two homozygous phenotypes?

A

Incomplete Dominance

25
Q

What is it when both alleles contribute to the phenotype of the organism?

A

Codominance

26
Q

What is a type of inheritance where there are more than two alleles for a gene?

A

Multiple Alleles

27
Q

What are traits controlled by two or more genes?

A

Polygenic Traits

28
Q

Human example of Multiple Alleles and Codominance?

A

Human Blood Type

29
Q

What is a picture of chromosomes arranged in pairs?

A

Karyotype

30
Q

What chromosomes determines an individual’s sex?

A

Sex Chromosomes

31
Q

What are the sex chromosomes?

A

X and Y

32
Q

What is the genotype of a male?

A

XY

33
Q

What is the genotype of a female?

A

XX

34
Q

What is the name for chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes?

A

Autosomes

35
Q

What is a chart that shows how traits are transmitted through generations of a family?

A

Pedigree

36
Q

What are genes located on the sex chromosomes (X and Y)?

A

Sex-linked Genes

37
Q

X-linked genes are on the __ chromosome.

A

X

38
Q

Y-linked genes are on the __ chromosome.

A

Y

39
Q

Males pass their __ on to their daughters.

A

X

40
Q

What are examples of X-linked genetic disorders?

A
  • Colorblindness
  • Hemophilia
  • Duchenne Muscular Dystophy
41
Q

The passage of traits from parent to offspring?

A

Heredity

Ultimate Biology Review (8 decks)

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