Cell Division Flashcards
What is the process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells?
Cell Division
Humans have ___ chromosomes.
46
What is the place where each pair of chromatids is attached?
Centromere
What is a cell that contains both sets of chromosomes?
Diploid
What is a cell that contains one set of chromosomes?
Haploid
What type of cells are haploid?
Gametes (Sperm and Egg)
What type of cells are diploid?
Body Cells (Somatic Cells)
What are the four phases of the cell cycle?
G1, S, G2, and M
What are the series of events that a cells goes through as they grow and divide?
Cell Cycle
What happens in the phase G1?
Cell Grows
What happens in the S phase?
The Chromosomes are Replicated
What happens during the phase of G2?
Organelles and molecules needed for division are produced?
G1, S, and G2 are collectively called ______________.
Interphase
What is the M phase?
Mitosis
What is the division of the cytoplasm in the cell?
Cytokinesis
What are the four phases of Mitosis in order?
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
What happens during Prophase?
Chromosomes become visible and the nuclear membrane breaks down.
What happens during Metaphase?
The chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell along the equatorial plate.
What happens during Anaphase?
Sister chromatids get separated into individual chromosomes and are moved apart
What happens during Telophase?
- Chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell
- Chromosomes become Chromatin
- Two new nuclear membranes form
What is the protein that regulates the cell cycle in eukaryotes?
Cyclin
What are the two types of regulators?
Internal and External
What regulators respond to events inside the cell?
Internal Regulators
What regulators respond to events outside the cell?
External Regulators
What is the disorder in which cells lose their ability to control growth?
Cancer
What are the 2 main reasons cells divide?
- DNA Overload
2. Exchanging Materials
What is the process by which the number of chromosomes in the cell nucleus is cut in half?
Meiosis
What does Meiosis form?
Gametes (Haploid Cells)
What gametes are formed in males?
4 equal-sized gametes called sperm.
What type of gametes form in females?
1 large egg and 3 polar bodies
What happens during Prophase I of Meiosis?
- Chromosomes become visible
* Tetrads are formed and crossing over occurs.
Why is crossing over important in Prophase I of Meiosis?
Increases Genetic Variation
What happens during Metaphase I of Meiosis?
Homologous Pairs line up in the middle of the cell
What happens during Anaphase I of Meiosis?
Homologues are pulled apart
What happens during Telophase I of Meiosis?
- Homologues pull completely apart
* Two cells are formed
What happens during Anaphase II of Meiosis?
Sister chromatids are separated
What happens during Telophase II of Meiosis?
• Two cells split forming 4 cells
Meiosis is known as ________ Division.
Reduction
