Genetics Flashcards
Mendel’s 3 basic principles?
Rule of dominance, Law of segregation, and Law of independent assortment.
Father of genetics?
Gregor Mendel
Rule of dominance?
One allele is dominant over the other
Law of segregation?
When gametes are formed, 2 alleles separate ; one allele into one gamete and the other allele into a different gamete.
Law of independent assortment?
The alleles for different traits are inherited separately or independently of each other.
The study of heredity?
Genetics
Transmission of traits from parent to offspring?
Heredity
Characteristics that are inherited?
Traits
Specific portions of DNA that determine your characteristics ; carry traits to be passed on from one generation to the next
Genes
Alternative form of a gene
Allele
True or False? An allele can be dominant or recessive?
True
What is a dominant allele?
An observed trait ; will always show up ; will mask (or hide) the expression of the recessive allele.
Dominant alleles are represented with a ______ letter.
Capitol
What is a recessive allele?
Disappears ; seen only when no dominant allele is present.
A recessive allele is represented with a ______ letter.
Lowercase
An offspring has _ alleles for each trait.
2
Gene combination of an organism ; written in symbols
Genotype
Examples of a genotype..
yy, Tt, BB, etc
Way am organism looks ; observable appearance.
Phenotype
Examples of a phenotype…
Green, tall, hairy
Homozygous?
Two alleles for a trait are identical (the same)
Examples of homozygous traits…
TT, tt, YY, yy
Heterozygous?
(Hybrid) two alleles for a trait are different
Examples if a heterozygous trait…
Tt, Yy
What is a Punnett square?
Grid used to determine the possible combinations of alleles that the parents may pass to an offspring.
Monohybrid cross?
Genetic cross involving 1 trait
Steps to solve a Genetic problem
- Write the symbols for each trait.
- Set up cross.
- Set up Punnett square.
- Genotype and ratio.
- Phenotype and ratio.
