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Pre AP Biology > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Who analyzed the amounts of the 4 nucleotides found in DNA and noticed a pattern.

A

Chargaff

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1
Q

DNA stands for..

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

Adenine pairs with…

A

Thymine

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3
Q

Cytosine pairs with…

A

Guanine

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4
Q

First two scientists to construct a working model of DNA in 1953.

A

Watson & Crick

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5
Q

DNA is the shape of a double…

A

Helix

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6
Q

The two sides of the ladder are held together by…

A

Hydrogen bonds

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7
Q

DNA is found in the…

A

Nucleus

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8
Q

Which part holds the most DNA?

A

Chromosomes

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9
Q

Subunit that makes up DNA…

A

Nucleotides

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10
Q

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

A

Simple sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base

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11
Q

The sugar in DNA is called…

A

Deoxyribose

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12
Q

Adenine and Guanine are double-ring bases called…

A

Purines

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13
Q

Cytosine and Thymine are smaller, single-ring bases called…

A

Pyrimidines

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14
Q

The “backbone” of DNA is made up of a…

A

Sugar and phosphate group

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15
Q

A nucleotide is joined to the phosphate group of the next nucleotide by a…

A

Covalent bond

16
Q

Rungs of DNA are the…

A

Nitrogen base pairs

17
Q

5’ and 3’….

A

Anti-parallel

18
Q

What is DNA replication?

A

When DNA copies itself before mitosis or meiosis, so that each daughter cell will have an exact copy of the genetic code.

19
Q

Replication is called…

A

Semi-conservative

20
Q

Why is DNA called semi-conservative?

A

Because one half of the original strand is always saved, or “conserved”

21
Q

DNA replication occurs in the…

A

Nucleus

22
Q

DNA helicase?

A

An enzyme that separates the two strands of DNA at their base pairs by breaking, or unzipping the hydrogen bonds

23
Q

DNA polymerase?

A

Adds the complementary nucleotides and binds the sugars and phosphates

24
Q

Leading strand?

A

Follows the helicase as it unwinds

25
Q

Lagging strand?

A

It’s moving away from tho helicase

26
Q

Chromosomes are made up of…

A

DNA

27
Q

Segments of a DNA code for a protein are your…

A

Genes

28
Q

Proteins relate to a…

A

Trait

29
Q

Amino acids form a…

A

Chain-protein

30
Q

RNA stands for…

A

Ribonucleic acid

31
Q

RNA is ____ stranded

A

Single

32
Q

RNA contains the sugar…

A

Ribose

33
Q

RNA contains four nitrogen bases..

A

Adenine & uracil and cytosine & guanine

34
Q

Three different types of RNA are…

A

mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA

35
Q

mRNA is…

A

Messenger RNA, brings info from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm

36
Q

tRNA is…

A

Transfer RNA, transports amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis

Pre AP Biology (8 decks)

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