DNA Flashcards
Who analyzed the amounts of the 4 nucleotides found in DNA and noticed a pattern.
Chargaff
DNA stands for..
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Adenine pairs with…
Thymine
Cytosine pairs with…
Guanine
First two scientists to construct a working model of DNA in 1953.
Watson & Crick
DNA is the shape of a double…
Helix
The two sides of the ladder are held together by…
Hydrogen bonds
DNA is found in the…
Nucleus
Which part holds the most DNA?
Chromosomes
Subunit that makes up DNA…
Nucleotides
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Simple sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base
The sugar in DNA is called…
Deoxyribose
Adenine and Guanine are double-ring bases called…
Purines
Cytosine and Thymine are smaller, single-ring bases called…
Pyrimidines
The “backbone” of DNA is made up of a…
Sugar and phosphate group
A nucleotide is joined to the phosphate group of the next nucleotide by a…
Covalent bond
Rungs of DNA are the…
Nitrogen base pairs
5’ and 3’….
Anti-parallel
What is DNA replication?
When DNA copies itself before mitosis or meiosis, so that each daughter cell will have an exact copy of the genetic code.
Replication is called…
Semi-conservative
Why is DNA called semi-conservative?
Because one half of the original strand is always saved, or “conserved”
DNA replication occurs in the…
Nucleus
DNA helicase?
An enzyme that separates the two strands of DNA at their base pairs by breaking, or unzipping the hydrogen bonds
DNA polymerase?
Adds the complementary nucleotides and binds the sugars and phosphates
Leading strand?
Follows the helicase as it unwinds
Lagging strand?
It’s moving away from tho helicase
Chromosomes are made up of…
DNA
Segments of a DNA code for a protein are your…
Genes
Proteins relate to a…
Trait
Amino acids form a…
Chain-protein
RNA stands for…
Ribonucleic acid
RNA is ____ stranded
Single
RNA contains the sugar…
Ribose
RNA contains four nitrogen bases..
Adenine & uracil and cytosine & guanine
Three different types of RNA are…
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
mRNA is…
Messenger RNA, brings info from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm
tRNA is…
Transfer RNA, transports amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis
