Genetics

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

is a hereditary factor that determines/influences a particular trait
- comprised of DNA sequence
- located in specific region of chromosome (called a genetic locus)

Question 2

DNA

Answer 2

genetic material of all living things
- composed of ATCG nucleotides
- organized into chromosomes, which can be linear or circular structures comprised of DNA and associated proteins

Question 3

Genome

Answer 3

complete set of genes/genetic material for the species

Question 4

Allele

Answer 4

distinguishable variant of a gene

Question 5

Genotype

Answer 5

particular collection of alleles found in an organisms DNA

Question 6

Heterozygous Genotype

Answer 6

2 different alleles for a gene at that locus

Question 7

Homozygous Genotype

Answer 7

2 of the same alleles for a gene at that locus

Question 8

Phenotype

Answer 8

observable traits (physical features + behaviors)
- some aspects influenced by genotype and/or environment

Question 9

Mutation

Answer 9

change in DNA sequences - can either be deleterious, beneficial, or have no effect
- mutations create new alleles, so without mutations, there would be NO new genetic variation