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BGS GCSE Biology Unit 2 > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is DNA?

A

Genetic material

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2
Q

Where is DNA found in a cell?

A

The nucleus

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3
Q

What is the definition of a gene?

A

A short section of DNA that codes for a particular protein

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4
Q

What is a genome?

A

The entire genetic material found in an organism

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5
Q

What is the definition of an allele?

A

Different form of a gene

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6
Q

What is a nucleotide made up of?

A

A phosphate, a sugar (deoxyribose) and a base

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7
Q

What are the 4 bases called?

A

A, T, C and G

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8
Q

What makes up the ‘backbone’ of DNA?

A

Phosphate and sugar

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9
Q

What shape is DNA folded into?

A

A Double helix

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10
Q

What is the base pairing rule?

A

The bases A and T join together
and C and G join together.

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11
Q

How are chromosomes arranged?

A

In functional pairs in the nucleus of cells, except for the gametes in which there is only one chromosome

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12
Q

How are humans unique even though everyone contains the same 4 bases (ATCG)?

A

The sequence of bases in each person is different

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13
Q

What smaller units make up proteins?

A

Amino acids

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14
Q

How many bases code for 1 amino acid and what is this called?

A

3
Base triplet

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15
Q

The coding strand of DNA consists of 90 bases. How many amino acids does this section code for?

A

30

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16
Q

If a section of DNA contained 30% bases of Thymine (T). How many Guanine (G) bases are there?

A

If there are 30% Thymine, then there must be 30% Adenine

Therefore there would be 40% left to split between G and C

G and C would both have 20% each

17
Q

Name the 2 types of cell division

A

Mitosis and Meiosis

18
Q

What is the function (job) of Mitosis?

A

-Replaces worn out cells
- Repairs damaged tissue
-Growth

19
Q

Where does Mitosis occur?

A

Every cell in the body except for the sex cells

20
Q

How many daughter cells are produced in Mitosis?

A

2

21
Q

Are the daughter cells in Mitosis genetically identical to the parent cell or does it show variation?

A

Genetically identical

22
Q

Are the daughter cells produced in Mitosis: diploid or haploid?

A

Diploid

23
Q

What is Meiosis?

A

A type of cell division that produces cells that have half the normal chromosome number

24
Q

Where does Meiosis occur?

A

The sex organs (testes and ovaries)

25
Q

How many daughter cells are produced in Meiosis?

A

4 haploid daughter cells

26
Q

What is independent assortment?

A

A meiosis the chromosomes are re-assorted in the formation of gametes

27
Q

What does the term homozygous mean?

A

Both alleles of a gene are the same

28
Q

What does the term heterozygous mean?

A

Both alleles of a gene are different

29
Q

What is a genotype?

A

The genetic code of an organism e.g. Bb or BB

30
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

The physical appearance of an individual e.g. brown eyes

31
Q

Who is the founder of genetics?

A

Gregor Mendel

32
Q

How many chromosomes are in a normal cell?

A

46 chromosomes

33
Q

Define the term recessive

A

You would need 2 copies of the allele to be seen in its phenotype

34
Q

Give an example of a sex linked diseased

A

Hemophilia or colour blindness

35
Q

Give a symptom of Haemophilia

A

Blood does not clot so causes excessive bleeding

36
Q

What does the term carrier mean?

A

An individual has one copy of the harmful allele but don’t show the condition

37
Q

How can you identify if an individual has Down syndrome

A

They have an extra chromosome i.e. they have 47 chromosomes

38
Q

What is genetic screening?

A

A test for the presence of harmful alleles or genetic abnormalities

39
Q
A

BGS GCSE Biology Unit 2 (6 decks)

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