genetics Flashcards
gamete?
haploid cell capable of fusion which transmits genes from one generation to the next
fertilisation?
fusion of 2 haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote which grows into a new individual
homozygous?
cells that contain 2 alleles for a gene that are identical
heterozygous?
cells that contain 2 alleles for a gene that are different
progeny?
offspring produced
codominance?
cross between 2 organisms of different phenotype that produce offspring with a third phenotype in which both parental traits appear together
what is Mendel’s law of segregation?
inherited characteristics are controlled by alleles. These alleles separate from each other at gamete formation with only one member of alleles being found at each gamete
Law of independent assortment?
at gamete formation, either member of a pair of alleles can combine with either member of another pair of alleles
linkage?
genes are located on the same chromosome
sex linkage?
means that each gene is located on a sex chromosome
variation?
differences between individuals within a species
mutation?
change in the amount of structure of DNA
causes of genetic mutations?
mutagens= environmental agents that cause mutation
genetic disorder?
disease that is caused by an abnormality in a persons DNA
evolution?
Inheritable change within a population or species, by natural selection, in response to change in the environment over long periods of time