genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

gamete?

A

haploid cell capable of fusion which transmits genes from one generation to the next

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2
Q

fertilisation?

A

fusion of 2 haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote which grows into a new individual

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3
Q

homozygous?

A

cells that contain 2 alleles for a gene that are identical

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4
Q

heterozygous?

A

cells that contain 2 alleles for a gene that are different

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5
Q

progeny?

A

offspring produced

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6
Q

codominance?

A

cross between 2 organisms of different phenotype that produce offspring with a third phenotype in which both parental traits appear together

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7
Q

what is Mendel’s law of segregation?

A

inherited characteristics are controlled by alleles. These alleles separate from each other at gamete formation with only one member of alleles being found at each gamete

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8
Q

Law of independent assortment?

A

at gamete formation, either member of a pair of alleles can combine with either member of another pair of alleles

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9
Q

linkage?

A

genes are located on the same chromosome

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10
Q

sex linkage?

A

means that each gene is located on a sex chromosome

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11
Q

variation?

A

differences between individuals within a species

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12
Q

mutation?

A

change in the amount of structure of DNA

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13
Q

causes of genetic mutations?

A

mutagens= environmental agents that cause mutation

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14
Q

genetic disorder?

A

disease that is caused by an abnormality in a persons DNA

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15
Q

evolution?

A

Inheritable change within a population or species, by natural selection, in response to change in the environment over long periods of time

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16
Q

observations of natural selection?

A

1) organisms produce far more offspring than is needed to maintain the population
2) the population of a species tends to remain the same
3) members of all population show genetic variation

17
Q

natural selection?

A

the process by which organisms with genetically controlled characteristics allow them to be well adapted to their environment, survive and reproduce to pass on their genes to following generations

18
Q

define genetic engineering?

A

the artificial manipulation or alteration of genes

19
Q

explain genetic engineering steps?

A

isolation= locating, identifying and removing a gene

cutting= cutting the DNA using restriction enzymes

introduction of base sequence changes

ligation= joining of DNA or a plasmid

transformation= uptake of DNA by host cell

expression= production of new protein