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ZOOTC 11 PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Study of passage of traits from one generation to its offspring and unit of inheritance

A

Genetics

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2
Q

What is the component of the gene that controls inheritance

A

DNA

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3
Q

long, slender, threadlike structures found in the nucleus of a cell.

A

Chromosomes

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4
Q

Each chromosome carries hundreds of genes which are found at a fixed location. What is the location of the gene

A

Locus / loci

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5
Q

it has 23 pairs of chromosomes combining genetic material from the mother and father.

A

fertilized egg

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6
Q

Hide a paired gene’s characteristic

A

Dominant genes

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7
Q

Suppressed or hidden trait

A

Recessive gene

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8
Q

It is the result of the joint action of the genes. characteristic is controlled by that gene

A

Incomplete dominance

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9
Q

Example of incomplete dominant heterozygous

A

Roan

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10
Q

Set of boxes that form what is referred

A

Punnet square

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11
Q

Capital letter is used to indicate?

A

Dominant

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12
Q

Lowercase is used to indicate?

A

Recessive

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13
Q

It carries two different genes for particular characteristics (Aa)

A

Heterozygous

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14
Q

It carries indentical genes for a characteristic (AA aa)

A

Homozygous

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15
Q

It is an outward physical appearance of the animal

A

phenotype

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16
Q

It is the genetic makeup of an individual

A

Genotype

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17
Q

major management practice used to improve genetics in a breeding program.

A

Genetic selection

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18
Q

It involves breeding for one or two traits at a time. The selection process becomes limited and ineffective when selecting for more than two traits.

A

Tandem selection

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19
Q

practice that is widely used for many species. It eliminates less desirable traits by removing individuals

A

Culling

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20
Q

type of scoring system. Criteria are developed reflecting the desired qualities for the breeding animal. with a low score being best.

A

Selection index

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21
Q

it compares the pedigrees lists of an animal’s ancestors

A

Evaluating animals

22
Q

It compares sire base on the performance of their offspring

A

Progeny test

23
Q

It can be used to improve the genetic makeup of a producer’s stock

A

Artificial breeding methods

24
Q

It can be utilized after the right animal has been selected for breeding.

the genes of exceptional males and females can be spread more extensively than they would if natural mating was used.

A

artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer (ET)

25
Q

It is a selecting a genetically superior sire for Al or a genetically superior female for ET.

A

Genetic improvement

26
Q

Two types of breeding system

A

Straight breeding and cross breeding

27
Q

It determines the offspring’s breed and its relationship to other offspring and to its Parents.

A

Breeding system

28
Q

It involves the mating of two animals from the same breed. They used them in their operations to produce high quality animals.

A

Straight breeding

29
Q

male and female are both purebred animals and are of the same breed. It results in a greater standardization of genetic material.

A

Purebred breeding

30
Q

male and female are both purebred animals and are of the same breed. It results in a greater standardization of genetic material,

A

Purebred breeding

31
Q

Parts ng straight breeding

A
  • purebreeding
  • inbreeding
    - close breeding
    - line breeding
  • outcrossing
  • upgrading or grading up
32
Q

It is used to improve genetic purity by further selecting for a desirable characteristic of that breed

A

Inbreeding

33
Q

Type of breeding that shares more than one ancestor like sire and sister/brother

A

Close breeding

34
Q

Type of breeding that is related animals is used to maintain a close genetic relationship to an outstanding ancestor.

A

Line breeding

35
Q

Breeding that are of the same breed but different pedigrees.

A

Outcrossing

36
Q

Breeding where purebred male is bred to a grade female, which has one purebred parent and one of a mixed or unknown breed

A

Upgrading

37
Q

Slower overall improvement

A

Grading up

38
Q

breeding of two animals from different breeds. May be both purebred male and grade female

A

Crossbreeding

39
Q

evident when the offspring displays superior qualities in comparison in size, rate of growth and vitality

A

Hybrid vigor

40
Q

It involves mating a female and male from different breeds.

A

Two-breed cross

ex.
Hereford cow to an angus bull

41
Q

Breeding that involves mating of a crossbreed female to a male of a different breed.

A

Three-breed cross

42
Q

Breeding that involves using males of different breeds for several succeeding generations of females, then repeating the series.

A

Rotational cross

43
Q

involves the crossbred female being bred to a male that is of the same breed as one of the parents of the Female.

A

Backcrossing

44
Q

involves depositing semen that has been previously collected from the male in the female reproductive tract.

A

AI

45
Q

One advantage of AI

A
  • since the sire does not need to be present for the breeding.
  • allows collected semen to be frozen
46
Q

Give some disadvantages of AI

A
  • if mistake made when storing the semen for later use, it cannot be used to produce offspring.
  • requires more time and labor to ensure pregnancy.
47
Q

Advantages of ET

A

allows an animal to produce a larger number of genetically superior offspring

Can be mechanically divided to produce identical twins to

48
Q

Disadvantages of ET

A

low pregnancy rate for frozen embryos implanted in surrogate mothers.

49
Q

what the general management practices?

A
  • Genetic selection
  • Evaluating animals
  • Artificial methods of breeding
50
Q

What are the diff. Technics in genetic selections

A
  • tandem selection
  • culling
  • selection index

ZOOTC 11 PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION (7 decks)

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