Genetics

Question 1

Study of passage of traits from one generation to its offspring and unit of inheritance

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

What is the component of the gene that controls inheritance

Answer 2

DNA

Question 3

long, slender, threadlike structures found in the nucleus of a cell.

Answer 3

Chromosomes

Question 4

Each chromosome carries hundreds of genes which are found at a fixed location. What is the location of the gene

Answer 4

Locus / loci

Question 5

it has 23 pairs of chromosomes combining genetic material from the mother and father.

Answer 5

fertilized egg

Question 6

Hide a paired gene’s characteristic

Answer 6

Dominant genes

Question 7

Suppressed or hidden trait

Answer 7

Recessive gene

Question 8

It is the result of the joint action of the genes. characteristic is controlled by that gene

Answer 8

Incomplete dominance

Question 9

Example of incomplete dominant heterozygous

Answer 9

Roan

Question 10

Set of boxes that form what is referred

Answer 10

Punnet square

Question 11

Capital letter is used to indicate?

Answer 11

Dominant

Question 12

Lowercase is used to indicate?

Answer 12

Recessive

Question 13

It carries two different genes for particular characteristics (Aa)

Answer 13

Heterozygous

Question 14

It carries indentical genes for a characteristic (AA aa)

Answer 14

Homozygous

Question 15

It is an outward physical appearance of the animal

Answer 15

phenotype

Question 16

It is the genetic makeup of an individual

Answer 16

Genotype

Question 17

major management practice used to improve genetics in a breeding program.

Answer 17

Genetic selection

Question 18

It involves breeding for one or two traits at a time. The selection process becomes limited and ineffective when selecting for more than two traits.

Answer 18

Tandem selection

Question 19

practice that is widely used for many species. It eliminates less desirable traits by removing individuals

Answer 19

Culling

Question 20

type of scoring system. Criteria are developed reflecting the desired qualities for the breeding animal. with a low score being best.

Answer 20

Selection index

Question 21

it compares the pedigrees lists of an animal’s ancestors

Answer 21

Evaluating animals

Question 22

It compares sire base on the performance of their offspring

Answer 22

Progeny test

Question 23

It can be used to improve the genetic makeup of a producer’s stock

Answer 23

Artificial breeding methods

Question 24

It can be utilized after the right animal has been selected for breeding.

the genes of exceptional males and females can be spread more extensively than they would if natural mating was used.

Answer 24

artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer (ET)

Question 25

It is a selecting a genetically superior sire for Al or a genetically superior female for ET.

Answer 25

Genetic improvement

Question 26

Two types of breeding system

Answer 26

Straight breeding and cross breeding

Question 27

It determines the offspring's breed and its relationship to other offspring and to its Parents.

Answer 27

Breeding system

Question 28

It involves the mating of two animals from the same breed. They used them in their operations to produce high quality animals.

Answer 28

Straight breeding

Question 29

male and female are both purebred animals and are of the same breed. It results in a greater standardization of genetic material.

Answer 29

Purebred breeding

Question 30

male and female are both purebred animals and are of the same breed. It results in a greater standardization of genetic material,

Answer 30

Purebred breeding

Question 31

Parts ng straight breeding

Answer 31

- purebreeding - inbreeding - close breeding - line breeding - outcrossing - upgrading or grading up

Question 32

It is used to improve genetic purity by further selecting for a desirable characteristic of that breed

Answer 32

Inbreeding

Question 33

Type of breeding that shares more than one ancestor like sire and sister/brother

Answer 33

Close breeding

Question 34

Type of breeding that is related animals is used to maintain a close genetic relationship to an outstanding ancestor.

Answer 34

Line breeding

Question 35

Breeding that are of the same breed but different pedigrees.

Answer 35

Outcrossing

Question 36

Breeding where purebred male is bred to a grade female, which has one purebred parent and one of a mixed or unknown breed

Answer 36

Upgrading

Question 37

Slower overall improvement

Answer 37

Grading up

Question 38

breeding of two animals from different breeds. May be both purebred male and grade female

Answer 38

Crossbreeding

Question 39

evident when the offspring displays superior qualities in comparison in size, rate of growth and vitality

Answer 39

Hybrid vigor

Question 40

It involves mating a female and male from different breeds.

Answer 40

Two-breed cross ex. Hereford cow to an angus bull

Question 41

Breeding that involves mating of a crossbreed female to a male of a different breed.

Answer 41

Three-breed cross

Question 42

Breeding that involves using males of different breeds for several succeeding generations of females, then repeating the series.

Answer 42

Rotational cross

Question 43

involves the crossbred female being bred to a male that is of the same breed as one of the parents of the Female.

Answer 43

Backcrossing

Question 44

involves depositing semen that has been previously collected from the male in the female reproductive tract.

Answer 44

AI

Question 45

One advantage of AI

Answer 45

- since the sire does not need to be present for the breeding. - allows collected semen to be frozen

Question 46

Give some disadvantages of AI

Answer 46

- if mistake made when storing the semen for later use, it cannot be used to produce offspring. - requires more time and labor to ensure pregnancy.

Question 47

Advantages of ET

Answer 47

allows an animal to produce a larger number of genetically superior offspring Can be mechanically divided to produce identical twins to

Question 48

Disadvantages of ET

Answer 48

low pregnancy rate for frozen embryos implanted in surrogate mothers.

Question 49

what the general management practices?

Answer 49

- Genetic selection - Evaluating animals - Artificial methods of breeding

Question 50

What are the diff. Technics in genetic selections

Answer 50

- tandem selection - culling - selection index