Biotech And Related Technologies Flashcards
It is a technique that uses a part of a living thing to make new products, develop plants, animals and other organisms for specific use
Biotechnology
Give some scope of biotechnology
Animal biotechnology
Agricultural biotechnology
Fisheries biotechnology
Microbial
Environmental
Industrial
It Better breeds of livestock and poultry to meet out-growing needs like lean meat and more milk
Animal biotechnology
Time line of technologies in animal biotechnologies
Artificial insemination - 1950s
Embryo transfer - 1980s
Embryo splitting and cloning late - 1980s
In Vitro fertilization early - 1990s
Genetic preservation late - 1990s
Somatic Cell nuclear transfer - early2000s
Transgenic technology in research - 2000s
Give the animal breeding types
- AI
- ET
- IVF (in vitro fertilization)
- cloning
What animal health produces
Vaccines, diagnosis, treatment
Advancement of animal nutrition
FCR, improved proteins
farmers and ranchers have used selection and breeding as a tool to improved traits such as:
- Feed efficiency
- Disease resistance
- High-milk production
They produce only one offspring a year
Farm animals
Farm animals have _____ offspring in lifetime and they _____ breed until they are 3-5 years of age
5-8
Cannot
How many hours does the cow experience estrus?
—-
It is a reproductive techniques that makes genetic changes in livestock faster and more precise
Modern breeding
Process when semen is collected from the male animal and inseminated into the uterus
AI
First animal thar born froze in semen in 1953
Calf
Al is combined with hormonal techniques that are used to:
Increase the number of eggs produced during a single cycle
Give some advantage of AI
- Superior male animals can be used very effectively.
- Al controls venereal and other
diseases - can be long distance transportation and the use of the semen, even after the death of a male
Give some disadvantage of AI
Venereal and other diseases can be transmitted by technician’s carelessness in farms.
The process by which semen is separated by sex and Can help determine sex of an individual during Al or ET
Semen sexing
The process of fluorescent dye is added to sperm DNA, cells with X- chromosomes fluoresce differently from those with Y-chromosomes
Flow cytometry
It measure the difference and the information directs the machine to rapidly sort the cells
Lasers and light detectors
it developes individual from a fertilized union of a sperm and ovum
Embryo
It is a Growing embryos are transferred into a surrogate
ET
Benefits of ET
- can save superior femals for producing eggs
- can be frozen and preserve
It is a technique to divide the embryo into equal halves then culture about 7 hours before transfer
Embryo splitting/ bisection
