Genetics Flashcards
What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis
To carry the genetic information and dictate the protein synthesis
What is transcription in protein synthesis
It is when the DNA unzips and a mRNA molecule is built by copying the DNA sequence following the base paring rules.
In the mRNA, what replaces thymine (T)?
Uracil (U)
Where does transcription take place?
In the cell’s nucleus
How does the mRNA get to the cytoplasm?
It attaches to the ribosome
Where does translation occur
Cytoplasm
What does the ribosome do during translation
The ribosome reads the codon
What does the tRNA do
It brings an amino acid to the corresponding codon and eventually forms a chain
What determines the end of protein synthesis
When the ribosome encounters a certain codon and the protein is released from the ribosomes and it folds into a functional shape to preforms it’s role in the body
What does genetics mean
The study of hereditary and the variation of inherited characteristics
What is the definition of heredity
The passing on of traits from parents to their offspring
What is the definition of karotype
The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes
What is the definition of gene
Small sections of
DNA writing the genome that codes for proteins. (They contain the instructions for our characteristics
What is the definition of DNA
it is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms
What is the definition of RNA
Ribonucleic acid, it acts as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins
