Genetics Flashcards
What is a Genotype?
A genotype is the genetic information of an organism. It is each organism’s unique sequence of DNA
What is a Phenotype?
Phenotypes are the observable characteristics of an organism based on that organism’s genotype and its interaction with the environment
What are the Base Pair Rules for Genetics?
Chargaff’s Rules:
The nitrogenous bases are linked in base pairs of Adenine-Thymine/Uracil and Guanine-Cytosine. If this pattern does not follow, that is a genetic mutation.
What is a Monohybrid Cross?
A monohybrid cross is the hybrid of two organisms with homozygous genotypes, resulting in the opposite phenotypes for a particular genetic trait.
What is a Dihybrid Cross?
A dihybrid cross is the hybrid of two organisms involving two pairs of contrasting traits.
What is an Allele?
An allele is one of at least two versions of a genetic sequence at a certain region of a chromosome. For each gene, an offspring usually inherits one allele from each of their two parents
What are Traits?
Traits are the specific characteristics of an organism and can are decided in an organism by one or more genes in that organism’s DNA.
What are Genes?
Genes are carriers of information that determine your traits by coding for proteins, which can play a big role in expressing a trait. They are located on chromosomes
How do Probabilities function in genetics?
Probabilities function by helping us measure and predict the chance that an offspring inherits a particular trait.
What does “Homozygous” mean?
Homozygous describes two identical copies of alleles in a DNA’s gene sequence and codes for a particular trait. Homozygosity can occur in any organism’s DNA as long as it was reproduced with two parents.
What does “Heterozygous” mean?
Heterozygous describes two different alleles in a DNA’s gene sequence that code for a particular trait. Heterozygosity can occur in any organism’s DNA as long as it was reproduced with two parents.
What is the Dominant Gene?
The dominant gene (represented with a capital letter) is a gene that will overtake a recessive gene. As long as at least one of two genes in a gene pair is dominant, that organism will have the dominant gene’s trait.
What is the Recessive Gene?
The recessive gene (represented with a lowercase letter) is a gene that is weaker than a dominant gene. An organism will only have the recessive gene’s trait if both genes are recessive.
What is Incomplete Dominance?
Incomplete Dominance is a form of gene interaction with two recessive/dominant genes that are different, resulting in a third phenotype.
Example:
A red rose and a white rose resulting in the offspring of pink roses is an example of neither trait dominating the other and being incomplete.
What is Co-Dominance?
Co-Dominance is a form of gene interaction where two genes are expressed separately, at the same time.
Example:
A red rose and a white rose result in the offspring of a red and white rose in an example of co-dominance where they exist separately.
