Genetics

Question 1

The scientific study of heredity

Answer 1

genetics

Question 2

Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884)

Answer 2

Gregor Mendel

Question 3

specific physical characteristic that varies from one individual to another

Answer 3

trait

Question 4

section of DNA that codes for a specific trait

Answer 4

gene

Question 5

a genotype with two different alleles.

Answer 5

hybrid

Question 6

different forms of a gene

Answer 6

allele

Question 7

Mendel’s second conclusion, which states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

Answer 7

principle of dominance

Question 8

specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction

Answer 8

gamete

Question 9

process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

Answer 9

fertilization

Question 10

term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate

Answer 10

“true breeding”

Question 11

parental generation, the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross

Answer 11

P generation

Question 12

the first generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms

Answer 12

F1 generation

Question 13

the second generation of offspring, obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms; the offspring of the F1 generation

Answer 13

F2 generation

Question 14

The likelihood that a particular event will occur

Answer 14

probability

Question 15

a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross

Answer 15

punnet square

Question 16

genetic makeup of an organism

Answer 16

genotype

Question 17

The physical traits that appear in an individual as a result of its gentic make up. What an organism looks like.

Answer 17

phenotype

Question 18

Scientific term for having two different alleles for a trait

Answer 18

heterozygous

Question 19

Scientific term for having two identical alleles for a trait

Answer 19

homozygous

Question 20

Scientific term for having two dominant alleles for a trait

Answer 20

homozygous dominant

Question 21

Scientific term for having two recessive alleles for a trait

Answer 21

homozygous recessive

Question 22

creates a blended phenotype; one allele is not completely dominant over the other

Answer 22

incomplete dominance

Question 23

situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism

Answer 23

codominance

Question 24

(genetics) cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms

Answer 24

meiosis

Question 25

term used to refer to a cell that contains a complete set of chromosomes

Answer 25

diploid

Question 26

an organism or cell having only a half set of chromosomes

Answer 26

haploid

Question 27

pair of identical chromosomes

Answer 27

homologous pair

Question 28

fertilized egg

Answer 28

zygote

Question 29

a genotype with two of the same alleles.

Answer 29

pure

Question 30

the study of genetics

Answer 30

heredity

Question 31

For aliens the allele for a star antennae is dominant to the allele for no star. If a pure dominant alien is crosses with a hybrid alien, what would the genotypes of the offspring be?

Answer 31

SS and Ss

Question 32

In aliens, Q=the allele for a smooth face and q= the allele for face spikes. Give the genotypes for the offspring from Qq x Qq

Answer 32

QQ, Qq, qq