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Body Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Nerve cell- transmits information

A

Neuron

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2
Q

Extension of the cell body- receive info

A

Dendrite

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3
Q

Nucleus and cell of neuron

A

Cell body

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4
Q

Single long fiber-conduct info away

A

Axon

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5
Q

Insulate/speed rate of transmission

A

Myelin sheath

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6
Q

Gap in myelin- bare axon

A

Node of Ranvier

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7
Q

Functions of the nervous system

A

Sensory, integrative, and motor

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8
Q

Gather information regarding to changes around body

A

Sensory

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9
Q

Bring info together- create thoughts, add to memory

A

Integrative

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10
Q

Respond to stimulus- signal sent to muscles or glands

A

Motor

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11
Q

Skeletal muscles

A

Somatic

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12
Q

Smooth muscles

A

Autonomic

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13
Q

Brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

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14
Q

Sends and received messages to and from all body parts, records and interprets messages

A

Brain

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15
Q

Carries messages from brain to body nerves or body nerves to brain

A

Spinal cord

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16
Q

3 parts of the brain

A

Cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem

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17
Q

Controls thought, reason, and the senses- makes you YOU - stores messages, memory muscle control, personality

A

Cerebrum

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18
Q

Makes your movements smooth and graceful

A

Cerebellum

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19
Q

Controls heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure

A

Brain stem

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20
Q

Body nerves expended from spinal cord

A

PNS

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21
Q

*don’t divide
*can last a lifetime
*high metabolic rate - use lots of O2 & glucose
*newborn nerves are unmyelinated -course reactions

A

Neurons

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22
Q

Junction between two nerves

A

Synapse

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23
Q

Released from synapse to send messages to next neuron

A

Neurotransmitters

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24
Q

Muscle cx

A

Acetylcholine

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25
Sense of feeling good
Dopamine
26
Sleepiness
Serotonin
27
Reduce pain
Endorphins
28
Dendrite>cell body>along axon>synapse>neurotransmitter is released to the next neuron
Synaptic transmission
29
Affect the effectiveness of neurotransmitters
Drugs, alcohol, and lack of sleep
30
Automatic, subconscious response to stimuli
Reflex arc
31
Stimulus>sensory neuron>association neuron in spinal cord>motor neuron
Reflex Arc response to stimuli
32
*Helps maintain fluid balance in the tissues *Absorbs fats and other substances from the digestive tract *Body’s defense system -filter lymph and blood, to remove microorganisms and foreign substances, as well as produces lymphocytes
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
33
*Carry lymph fluid away from tissues *Have on way valves which keep fluid moving in one direction
Lymph vessels
34
Tonsils, lymph nodes, and spleen
LYMPH ORGANS
35
Back of the throat- protection against pathogens- can become chronically infected = need to be removed
TONSILS
36
Small round structures along lymph vassals- lymph passes through a node before entering the blood- found all over body, superficial = groin, axillary, cervical- function to stimulate lymphocyte production and remove microorganisms through phagocytosis by macrophages
LYMPH NODES
37
Size of a clenched fist- left superior cavity- filters blood, destroying microorganisms, foreign substances, and RBCs- activated immune system
SPLEEN
38
The ability to resist damage from foreign substances such as microorganisms and harmful chemicals
IMMUNITY
39
Skin, mucous membranes, tears, saliva, and urine
1st line of defense
40
WBCs, interferon, and antibodies
2nd line of defense
41
*Protect internal organs-lungs, brain, and heart *Makes blood cells (in the bone marrow) *Store calcium (CA) -Gives bone strength *Provide a place for muscles to attach
SKELETAL SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
42
Outer membrane- contains nerves and vessels
Periosteum
43
Very compact- outer edges of bones- very strong
Solid bone
44
Many empty spaces, ends of bones- stores Ca
Spongy bone
45
Hold bone to bone -tough fibers
Ligaments
46
Tough flexible tissue- supports and shapes the body- cushions where 2 bones come together
Cartilage
47
Smallest bone
Ear
48
Bone cells are
Alive
49
How many bones are in the human body?
206
50
The place where bones come together
JOINT
51
Allows movement only back and forth- knee and elbow
Hinge Joint
52
Allows you to twist and turn the bones in a circle where they meet- shoulder and hip
Ball and Socket Joint
53
Where bones come together but do not love- sutures on the skull
Fixed joint
54
Small glands that make chemicals for carrying messages through the body
Endocrine system
55
Chemicals made in the body that control functions- released into blood
Hormones
56
Forms the most hormones, controls many organs and other glands and body functions
Master Gland = Pituitary Gland
57
*Important endocrine gland found near the lower part of your neck *Makes thyroxine
Thyroid Gland
58
A hormone that controls how fast your cells release energy from food
Thyroxine
59
Makes you lose weight and feel nervous
Too much thyroxine
60
Makes you gain weight and little energy
Too little thyroxine
61
Makes insulin
Pancreas
62
Hormone which lets your body cells take in glucose from your blood- allowing glucose to enter and start making energy
Insulin
63
Body doesn’t use glucose- stays in the blood, not the cells- leaves the body in urine
Diabetes Mellitus
64
3 types of muscle
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle
65
Move bones of the skeleton- make up the bulk of the body- made of fibers found in many numbers- voluntary control- you decide to move
Skeletal
66
Muscle that makes up the heart- made of bundles of fibers- bound much more tightly- involuntary control- brain controls movement as needed
Cardiac
67
Found in organs that require movement within your body- intestines, stomach, arteries- involuntary control- long- spindly cells, shorter than skeletal
Smooth muscle
68
Muscles work by
Changing length
69
Shorten its fiber during contraction
Does not lengthen
70
Tough, fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone
Tendons
71
When one muscle contracts the other relaxes/ head turns one way, then the other
Muscles work in pairs

Biology (3 decks)

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