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GENBIO 2 REVIEWER > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

believed that reproduction of organisms originate through formation of miniature versions known as homunculus

A

preformationism

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2
Q

who and when was preformationism established

A

17th century by pythagoras and aristotle

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3
Q

each part of the body can produce ____________ that contribute to the formation of an offspring

A

gemmules

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4
Q

where did the idea of preformationism originate from?

A

parthenogenesis of insects, amphibians, and reptiles

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5
Q

sperm contains the miniature individual and only nourished by the ovum

A

spermists

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6
Q

thought the same and that the seminal fluid only stimulates it

A

ovists

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7
Q

criticized aristotle’s work by asserting “ex ovo omnia” - stating that all organisms come from eggs

A

william harvey (epigenesis)

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8
Q

organs of an organism that is frequently and continuously used becomes more developed and prominent

A

theory of use and misuse

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9
Q

modifications that an organism underwent in its life is due to the factors of use and misuse and will be preserved and passed on to the next generation

A

theory of acquired characteristics

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10
Q

there will be changes in the characteristics of organisms due to pressure exerted by the environment

A

theory of evolution and natural selection

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11
Q

2 types of cells in the body proposed by august weismann

A

autosomal or somatic cells, gametes

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12
Q

theory by august weismann that suggests there are 2 types of cells in the body

A

germplasm theory

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13
Q

cells that are responsible for sustaining the body

A

autosomal or somatic cells

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14
Q

cells that contain hereditary information

A

gametes

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15
Q

he disproved the concept of preformation using mice

A

august weismann

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16
Q

process of passing on of traits from parents to offspring through sexual or asexual reproduction

A

heredity or inheritance

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17
Q

presence of different frequencies of traits among individuals or populations

A

variation

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18
Q

expressed characteristics of an individual

A

phenotype or traits

19
Q

set of information from the DNA that encodes for specific traits

A

genotype or genes

20
Q

an organism’s complete set of genes

A

genome

21
Q

contains bundles of tightly coiled DNA located in the nucleus

A

chromosome

22
Q

subunit of 2 chromosomes where 2 turns of DNA is wrapped around a set of 8 proteins called histones

A

nucleosome

23
Q

self-replicating macromolecule present in every living organism

A

DNA

24
Q

activated variant of a gene

A

dominant trait

25
Q

inactivated variant of a gene

A

recessive trait

26
Q

only one allele is inherited from each of the parent since chromosomes split during meiosis

A

law of segregation

27
Q

genes of different traits do not accect other genes

A

law of independent assortment

28
Q

traits that come from chromosome 1 to 22

A

autosomal traits

29
Q

traits that come from chromosome x and y

A

sex-linked traits

30
Q

test-cross that can produce offspring

A

parental generation

31
Q

result of any parental cross

A

filial generation

32
Q

both alleles have the same expression

A

homozygous

33
Q

alleles have different expressions

A

heterozygous

34
Q

different expressions of genes due to different interplay between genes

A

genetic interactions

35
Q

occurs when one allele is expressed in the phenotype by masking the recessive allele

A

complete dominance

36
Q

occurs when the expression of the recessive gene is not completely masked

A

incomplete dominance

37
Q

occurs when the expression of genes lacks dominance and recessiveness

A

co-dominance

38
Q

occurs when the expression of genes exceeds measurement

A

over-dominance

39
Q

complete dominance at gene pairs

A

novel phenotype

40
Q

complete dominance but recessive is epistatic

A

recessive epistasis

41
Q

complete dominance but dominant is epistatic

A

dominant epistasis

42
Q

at least one allele of each gene is dominant

A

complimentary epistasis

43
Q

at least one dominant presence in any gene

A

duplicate gene

GENBIO 2 REVIEWER (12 decks)

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