Genetics

Question 1

believed that reproduction of organisms originate through formation of miniature versions known as homunculus

Answer 1

preformationism

Question 2

who and when was preformationism established

Answer 2

17th century by pythagoras and aristotle

Question 3

each part of the body can produce ____________ that contribute to the formation of an offspring

Answer 3

gemmules

Question 4

where did the idea of preformationism originate from?

Answer 4

parthenogenesis of insects, amphibians, and reptiles

Question 5

sperm contains the miniature individual and only nourished by the ovum

Answer 5

spermists

Question 6

thought the same and that the seminal fluid only stimulates it

Answer 6

ovists

Question 7

criticized aristotle’s work by asserting “ex ovo omnia” - stating that all organisms come from eggs

Answer 7

william harvey (epigenesis)

Question 8

organs of an organism that is frequently and continuously used becomes more developed and prominent

Answer 8

theory of use and misuse

Question 9

modifications that an organism underwent in its life is due to the factors of use and misuse and will be preserved and passed on to the next generation

Answer 9

theory of acquired characteristics

Question 10

there will be changes in the characteristics of organisms due to pressure exerted by the environment

Answer 10

theory of evolution and natural selection

Question 11

2 types of cells in the body proposed by august weismann

Answer 11

autosomal or somatic cells, gametes

Question 12

theory by august weismann that suggests there are 2 types of cells in the body

Answer 12

germplasm theory

Question 13

cells that are responsible for sustaining the body

Answer 13

autosomal or somatic cells

Question 14

cells that contain hereditary information

Answer 14

gametes

Question 15

he disproved the concept of preformation using mice

Answer 15

august weismann

Question 16

process of passing on of traits from parents to offspring through sexual or asexual reproduction

Answer 16

heredity or inheritance

Question 17

presence of different frequencies of traits among individuals or populations

Answer 17

variation

Question 18

expressed characteristics of an individual

Answer 18

phenotype or traits

Question 19

set of information from the DNA that encodes for specific traits

Answer 19

genotype or genes

Question 20

an organism’s complete set of genes

Answer 20

genome

Question 21

contains bundles of tightly coiled DNA located in the nucleus

Answer 21

chromosome

Question 22

subunit of 2 chromosomes where 2 turns of DNA is wrapped around a set of 8 proteins called histones

Answer 22

nucleosome

Question 23

self-replicating macromolecule present in every living organism

Answer 23

DNA

Question 24

activated variant of a gene

Answer 24

dominant trait

Question 25

inactivated variant of a gene

Answer 25

recessive trait

Question 26

only one allele is inherited from each of the parent since chromosomes split during meiosis

Answer 26

law of segregation

Question 27

genes of different traits do not accect other genes

Answer 27

law of independent assortment

Question 28

traits that come from chromosome 1 to 22

Answer 28

autosomal traits

Question 29

traits that come from chromosome x and y

Answer 29

sex-linked traits

Question 30

test-cross that can produce offspring

Answer 30

parental generation

Question 31

result of any parental cross

Answer 31

filial generation

Question 32

both alleles have the same expression

Answer 32

homozygous

Question 33

alleles have different expressions

Answer 33

heterozygous

Question 34

different expressions of genes due to different interplay between genes

Answer 34

genetic interactions

Question 35

occurs when one allele is expressed in the phenotype by masking the recessive allele

Answer 35

complete dominance

Question 36

occurs when the expression of the recessive gene is not completely masked

Answer 36

incomplete dominance

Question 37

occurs when the expression of genes lacks dominance and recessiveness

Answer 37

co-dominance

Question 38

occurs when the expression of genes exceeds measurement

Answer 38

over-dominance

Question 39

complete dominance at gene pairs

Answer 39

novel phenotype

Question 40

complete dominance but recessive is epistatic

Answer 40

recessive epistasis

Question 41

complete dominance but dominant is epistatic

Answer 41

dominant epistasis

Question 42

at least one allele of each gene is dominant

Answer 42

complimentary epistasis

Question 43

at least one dominant presence in any gene

Answer 43

duplicate gene