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GENBIO 2 REVIEWER > Central Dogma > Flashcards

Central Dogma Flashcards

1
Q

a segment of a DNA that codes for a protein, which turn codes for a trait

A

gene

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2
Q

nucleic acid that contains genetic information for the development and function of organisms

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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3
Q

this is where DNA is found

A

nucleus

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4
Q

DNA is made up of a series of monomers called ___________

A

nucleotides

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5
Q

what makes up the structure of a nucleotide (3)

A

5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate group, nitrogenous base

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6
Q

DNA is a twisted ladder called a ____________

A

double helix

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7
Q

4 nitrogenous bases in DNA

A

adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine

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8
Q

4 nitrogenous bases in RNA

A

adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine

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9
Q

double ring purines

A

adenine and guanine

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10
Q

single ring pyrimidines

A

thymine and cytosine

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11
Q

replication wherein the parental molecule is fully conserved and daughter molecules are composed wholly of new synthesized molecules

A

conservative replication

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12
Q

replication where parental molecule is degraded into its component nucleotides and becomes part of the newly synthesized daughter molecules

A

dispersive replication

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13
Q

replication where each daughter molecule is composed of one conserved strand from the parental molecule and one newly synthesized and complementary strand

A

semi-conservative

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14
Q

its function is to obtain information from DNA and synthesized proteins

A

RNA

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15
Q

type of RNA that brings information from the DNA in the nucleus to the protein manufacturing area (cytoplasm)

A

messenger RNA or mRNA

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16
Q

3 base pairs that code for a single amino acid

A

codon

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17
Q

type of RNA that supplies amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled as protein

A

transfer RNA or tRNA

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18
Q

a sequence of 3 bases that are complementary base pairs to a codon in mRNA

A

anticodon

19
Q

directs translation of mRNA into proteins; the structural component of ribosomes

A

ribosomal RNA or rRNA

20
Q

building blocks of protein

A

amino acids

21
Q

2 strands of DNA are __________

A

complementary

22
Q

process of making 2 identical copies of DNA from the original DNA molecule

A

DNA replication

23
Q

unzips and unwinds 2 strands by breaking H-bonds

A

DNA helicase

24
Q

this forms when DNA is separated by the DNA helicase

A

replication fork

25
Q

makes short RNA sequences which serves as a pattern for making new a new DNA strand

A

Primase

26
Q

short RNA sequences which serve as a pattern for making new DNA strands

A

primer

27
Q

replaces RNA primer with DNA strand and proofreads new DNA strand

A

polymerase

28
Q

short, newly synthesized DNA fragments formed on the lagging strand, together forming short, double-stranded DNA sections

A

okazaki fragment

29
Q

joins DNA strands together and seals the nicks and gaps

A

DNA ligase

30
Q

3 phases of the central dogma

A

replication, transcription, translation

31
Q

2 phases of protein synthesis

A

transcription, translation

32
Q

process by which the information to make protein in DNA is copied into mRNA by the polymerase

A

transcription

33
Q

3 steps of transcription

A

initiation, elongation, termination

34
Q

starts when an RNA polymerase binds to the DNA’s promoter region

A

initiation

35
Q

RNA polymerase slides along the template DNA strand as the complementary bases pair up the RNA polymerase links the nucleotides to the 2 prime end of the growing molecule

A

elongation

36
Q

final step in transcription; happens when RNA polymerase transcribes the termination sequence then the mRNA chain is freed from the DNA template

A

termination

37
Q

process of translating the base sequence of an mRNA molecule to a sequence of amino acids

A

translation

38
Q

first phase of translation; brings together the mRNA, the first amino acid with its attached tRNA, and the 2 subunits of a ribosome

A

initiation

39
Q

amino acids are added one by one to the first amino acids

A

elongation

40
Q

step in elongation where the anticodon of an incoming tRNA molecule carrying to the first amino acid pairs with the mRNA codon in the A site of the ribosome

A

codon recognition

41
Q

polypeptide leaces the tRNA in the P site and attaches acid on the tRNA in the A site.

A

peptide bond formation

42
Q

P site tRNA leaves the ribosome, and the ribosome moves the remaining tRNA to the P site

A

translocation

43
Q

elongation continues until a stop codon reaches ribosome’s A site

A

termination

44
Q

name the 3 stop codons

A

UAA, UAG, UGA

GENBIO 2 REVIEWER (12 decks)

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