Genetics Flashcards
What is the definition of a genome ?
All the DNA in each cell in an organism
What are the complementary base pairs in DNA ?
. Adenine and Thymine
. Guanine and Cytosine
When extracting DNA why do you crush the substance ?
To open the cell and release DNA
Why do you mix together detergent when extracting DNA ?
The detergent contains protease to break up proteins
Why do you add rubbing alcohol into the liquid when extracting DNA ?
To isolate the DNA from the rest of the material contained in the cells of the substance
Why must the rubbing alcohol be cold ?
To slow down the enzymes activity
What is the definition of a phenotype ?
The physical appearance of an organism
What Does homozygous and heterozygous mean ?
Homozygous - a genotype with two of the same forms of the same gene
Heterozygous - a genotype with two of different forms of the same gene
How is inherited variation caused ?
Inherited variation is caused through sexual reproduction where a random male and female gamete fuse to form a diploid zygote
What is environments variation ?
Environmental variation are acquired differences in phenotypes caused by the environment the organism lives in
What is mutation ?
Mutation is a change in the arrangement of bases in an individuals gene or in the structure of the chromosomes
What are the 5 kingdoms ?
. Prokaryote
. Fungi
. Animal
. Plants
. Protists
What are the characteristics of protists ?
. Mostly unicellular
. Cells have nuclei
. Some have cell walls ( not chitin )
What are the characteristics of fungi ?
. Multicellular ( apart from yeast )
. Cells have nuclei
. Chitin cell walls
. Feed off dead matter ( saprotrophic )
What are the 3 types of classification ?
. Bacteria
. Archaea
. Eukaryote
What is the definition of bacteria ?
Cells with no nucleus and no unused section of DNA
What is the definition of Archaea ?
Cells with no nucleus and unused section of DNA
What is the definition of Eukarya ?
Cells with a nucleus and unused section DNA
