animal coordination, control and homostasis Flashcards
define homeostasis
The regulations of conditions inside the body to maintain a stable internal environment in response to both internal and external conditions
What is the automatic control control system?
The automatic control system uses negative feedback to regulate the body to have perfect conditions. For example, if the body is too hot, it will send signals to cause the body to sweat and then if the body is too cold, it will send signals to cause the body to shiver
What are the three steps to the automatic control system?
. Receptors: carry out change
. Coordination centre: interpret change. What needs to be done?
. Effectors: carry out change.
What two systems are used in the automatic control system?
The endocrine and nervous systems
What is a negative effect of a high blood glucose concentration?
Having too much glucose in our bloodstream can damage our tissues
what is a negative effect of having a low blood glucose concentration
Too little glucose in our bloodstream means ourselves can’t respirate properly
how does our body fix a high glucose concentration?
our pancreas detects a high glucose concentration in our bloodstream and releases a hormone called insulin. This insulin travels around our body in our bloodstream and binds to many cells, mainly liver and muscle cells. The insulin then takes in glucose which then binds together to form glycogen. therefore since the glucose has left the bloodstream our blood glucose concentration lowers.
what is glycogen?
Glycogen is a long-term storage of glucose
how does our body increase a low blood glucose concentration
Our blood glucose concentration drops too low the pancreas detect this and releases a hormone called glucagon which travels around the body in the blood and binds to the liver cells which breaks down glycogen into glucose again. this glucose then travels into the bloodstream allowing for more cellular respiration and increasing the blood glucose concentration
what is a negative feedback loop?
A negative feedback loop is where the hormones, insulin and glucagon reduce and increase the amount of glucose in the blood in a loop
What is glucagon?
Glucagon is a hormone released from the pancreas which binds to receptors and breaks down glycogen
what is insulin?
Insulin is a hormone released from the pancreas which binds to receptors and takes in glucose from the bloodstream
why is diabetes a problem?
Because a patient can’t regulate their blood glucose levels properly as the insulin system is messed up
When does type one diabetes usually occur?
During childhood or teenagers years
why does type one diabetes occur?
Because the pancreas stops producing insulin or only tiny amounts of insulin
what are the negative effects of diabetes type one?
The high glucose levels can make a patient ill or in rare cases kill them
What is the main treatment for type one diabetes?
To inject the person in the abdomen or thigh with insulin
How does a patient know how much insulin to inject?
The amount of insulin injected depends on what they’ve eaten and how much exercise they do
Why does type two diabetes occur?
Because the person cells become resistant to insulin and their cells won’t take glucose from the blood
why does injecting insulin into a patient with type two diabetes won’t work?
because the person cells become resistance insulin and therefore won’t take the insulin in and it would be floating around in the blood stream
What is the main treatment for type two diabetes?
A healthy low sugar diet and regular exercise
What is the endocrine system?
The endocrine system is a series of glands which secrete hormones into the blood
what is a hormone?
A small chemical molecule which stimulates a chemical change in the body
what is the role of the pituitary glands?
It tells the other glands in the body when to release hormones
