Genetics Flashcards
what is genetics
science of dealing with hereditary and variation.
similarities and differences in individuals related by descent.
what is animal genetics
.study of the principles of inheritance in animals
animal breeding
.application of the principles go animal genetics with the goal of improvement of animals.
what is the purpose of animal breeding?
improve genetically the economic efficiency pop livestock production
main tool in genetic improvement of economic of economic merit
selection
how is livestock improvement done
change
how do animals change ?
selection determining the parents of the next generation
natural selection
- Strength
- Size
- Intelligence
- Color
- Defense strategies
- Flexibility
- Longevity
Genetic fitness
Robert Bakewell
father of animals breeding
.purebred concept
self domestication / human intervention
- selection for tameness
- strict captivity-limit breeding
- intentional breeding
- trait standardization
- eliminate wild species (genes)
human domestication / human intervention
1.control herd movement
2. eliminate problems
3. selection for tameness
4. strict captivity - limit breeding
5. intentional breeding
6. trait standardization
7. eliminate wild species (genes )
nuclein
nucleic acids
phentotype variance formula
p= g+e
p = variance
g= genetic variance <breeding value
e= environmental variance <permanent environment - tempray environment
what does BAC stand for
bacterial artificial chromosome
genetic selection effects on dairy , swine, sheep , chicken , turke , beef, horse, dogs , cats
1.Less cows we have genetically modified cows to have a higher milk production so wee need less cows
- FE= feed efficiency every pound of meat you feed them 6 pounds of feed 6:1 down to 2.5 : 1 fat to lean
- 4x wool production
- Jungle fowl to white leghorn
Jungle fowl lay 15 eggs per year and the white leghorn lay 300 eggs per year - AI is required due to election for breast meat
- little change in production
- No change in speed index in 40 years
- creating new genetics wrecks
- trying to create genetic wrecks
DNA does what
structure and replication
RNA does ..
transcription and translation
protein synthesis
amino acids
central dogma of genetics
testing
Dna is transcribed to rna and rna is translated to protein
deoxyribonucleic acid stand is
DNA the blueprint of life
chromosome count
Dog-78
Cat - 38
Pig- 38
Cattle - 60
Sheep- 54
Goat - 60
Horse - 64
Camel - 74
Chicken - 78
Turkey - 80
Rabbit - 44
Rat - 42
Mouse - 40
Llama - 74
Alpaca - 74
what is a nucleotide composed of
nitrogen base , 5 carbon sugar and phosphate
what are the 4 DNA bases
adenine and guanine , - cytosine and thymine
what are the two bases names
purine bases and Pyrimidine bases
what bases pair together
A & T AND C&G
DNA is what kind of structure
double helix
each DNA strand becomes a ..
template , parent strand comes apart