Digestive anatomy and physiology

Question 1

what is a nutrient

Answer 1

components in a diet that are essential for normal physiology function. ex. water, energy, protein, vitamins and minerals.

Question 2

what is digestion?

Answer 2

the process of taking in nutrients and breaking them down into a form that can be utilized by cells.

Question 3

what are common features of digestion?

Answer 3

prehension , mastication(mechanical chewing) ,digestion(chemical or microbial), absorption(moves nutrients into circulatory system, elimination( indigestible/ non digestible.

Question 4

what is a carnivore?

Answer 4

80-90% animal based diet, chemical digestion

Question 5

what is a omnivore?

Answer 5

animals/ plant materials that are highly digestible

Question 6

what is an herbivores?

Answer 6

plant materials that are low digestible

Question 7

types of digestive tracts

Answer 7

monogastric,ruminant, non-ruminant herbivore modified monogastric (avian)

Question 8

whats is a monogastric digestive tract?

Answer 8

single chambered stomach, carnivore and omnivore

Question 9

what is a ruminant digestive tract?

Answer 9

multi chambered stomach, herbivore

Question 10

what is a modified monogastric (avian) digestive system

Answer 10

carnivore, omnivore, granivore, frugivore, insectivore

Question 11

Mono-gastric digestive tract mouth function ?

Answer 11

mechanical breakdown

Question 12

Mono-gastric digestive tract esophagus purpose?

Answer 12

transport of ingested materials from mouth to stomach

Question 13

Mono-gastric digestive tract stomach function

Answer 13

chemical digestion -
Mucosal inning = protect stomach from digestive chemicals

Question 14

what is a gastric stomach?

Answer 14

acids
-ph =“ power of hydrogen”(0-14)
-when mixed with water- and acid yields H+ ions

Question 15

what are bases-“bitter”

Answer 15

.when mixed with water-bases yields OH-ions

Question 16

Small intestine

Answer 16

small intestine-proximal region-digestion
.small intestine- distal region- nutrient absorption

Question 17

Proximal small intestine

Answer 17

chemical digestion and some absorption of nutrients

Question 18

Distal small intestine

Answer 18

mostly absorption - nutrients can be moved across the small intestine Into the circulatory system(blood)

Question 19

what is a cecum ?

Answer 19

blind pouch

Question 20

what is a cecums purpose?

Answer 20

if functional-(microbial digestion)

Question 21

instead of cecum what is a non functional cecum called ?

Answer 21

appendix

Question 22

what are microbes ?

Answer 22

bacteria, fungi, yeast, protozoa

Question 23

large intestine function?

Answer 23

water metabolism

Question 24

monogastric species

Answer 24

carnivores, omnivores, -dog, cat, pig, human

Question 25

ruminant (herbivores) have ?

Answer 25

multi-chambered stomaches

Question 26

ruminants mouth function?

Answer 26

mastication, mechanical digestion

Question 27

ruminants esophagus functions?

Answer 27

two-way system- transportation of ingested materials from mouth to the stomach

Question 28

ruminants stomach ( multi chambered ) order

Answer 28

reticulum- rumen- mason- abamason