animal nutrition

Question 1

nutrient requirements

Answer 1

water ,
energy,
protein
vitamins
minerals

Question 2

what is energy

Answer 2

energy is carbohydrates( simple or complex fats) and protein ( atp )

Question 3

what is a nutrient classe

Answer 3

substrates that provides specific nutrients

Question 4

what are the different nutrients classes

Answer 4

water,
carbohydrates ,
fats,
amino acids,
vitamins(fat soluble and water soluble
minerals (macro.micro)

Question 5

water function

Answer 5

transport (via blood) other fluids like
nutrients,
waste produces,
c2 /co2 and
hormones

Question 6

lubrication

Answer 6

effects of friction

Question 7

cooling

Answer 7

temperature regulation = homeotherms

exception is a camel

Question 8

what do we focus on first when balancing rations

Answer 8

energy

Question 9

energy is the most limiting nutrient

Answer 9

true

Question 10

energy is carbohydrates what are the different carbohydrates

Answer 10

monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides

Question 11

energy an also be in the form of

Answer 11

lipids

Question 12

where does energy go ?

Answer 12

gross energy
digestible energy
metabolic energy
net energy
maintenance
production

Question 13

protein =

Answer 13

amino acids

Question 14

how many essential amino acids must be in a diet

Answer 14

9 but there are 20 in all

Question 15

what is a complete protein

Answer 15

has all 20 amino acids

Question 16

protein in ruminants

Answer 16

in diet to digest microbes

Question 17

2 different minerals

Answer 17

macrominerals and microminerals

Question 18

what are macrominerals

Answer 18

there are 7 increase amounts required
calcium = bone teeth muscle and nerve function
sodium, potassium, chlorine

Question 19

what are vitamins and what soluble are they?

Answer 19

fat soluble can be stored in organisms and protected by metabolic breakdown

Question 20

what are the different fat soluble vitamins

Answer 20

vitamin A - cell growth
vitamin D- bone formation
vitamin E- red blood cell
vitamin K- clotting function

Question 21

what are water soluble vitamins

Answer 21

can be stored in organism= protected from metabolic breakdown

Question 22

what are the different water soluble vitamins

Answer 22

vitamin C= antioxidants
vitamin B
B- complex- steps of metabolism

Question 23

what are roughages

Answer 23

plant compnents ( not grain , fruit) - stem leaves and flower
they are high in cellos

Question 24

what is the importance of roughages

Answer 24

food substrate for microbial digestion and to maintain gastrointestinal tract

Question 25

what is proteinaceous

Answer 25

they are roughages with 15/18% cp
alfalfa
clovers

Question 26

what is a symbiotic relationship and how does it work

Answer 26

rhizobium spp
the bacteria take nitrogen from the air to fixate into plant + soil
nitrogen base components for amino acids

Question 27

carbonaceous

Answer 27

low cp (grasses

Question 28

what is a concentrate

Answer 28

energy - seed/grain and fruit ( low in fiber =high energy )
protein = plants ( crude protein)

Question 29

what are nutrient additives

Answer 29

vitamins and minerals

Question 30

what are non nutrient additives

Answer 30

not nutrients but influence metabolism or how nutrients are utilized

Question 31

what are animal sources

Answer 31

greater than 60% crude protein , by-products of processing animals for human consumption
ex. blood, bone, fish, and feather meal

Question 32

plant sources

Answer 32

oilseeds, soybeans dehull the seed cook and grind = soybean mill
cottonseed, dehull( remove seed coat) heat ( destroys the gossapal )grin cotton seed mill

ruminants can be feed cotton seed