genetics, 1 Flashcards
1
Q
what did the decline of Darwinism coincide with?
A
the rise of modern genetics
2
Q
what were Hippocrates thoughts on inheritance and development? parental contribution?
A
- thought that the entire body contributed “seeds” to the next generation
- seeds were invisible particles found everywhere in the body, allowed for inheritance of acquired characteristics
- thought both mother and father contributed to offspring
3
Q
What were Aristotle’s thoughts on parental contribution?
A
- thought that father contributed the ‘plans’
- mother only provided the material
4
Q
what was a major criticism of Origin of species? why was this a problem for the concept of natural selection?
A
- criticism was blending inheritance, the mixture of male and female traits in offspring
- how could sexually dimorphic species evolve if offspring occured due to blending inheritance?
- how could things diversify if all being had a common ancestor?
5
Q
what is the “provisional theory of pangenesis”?
A
- Darwins theory on inheritance
- very similar to Hippocrates ideas on ‘seeds’, except Darwin called seeds gemmules
- every trait of an organism has a gemmule
- gametes that were produced were a snapshot of the body,
- gemmules could lie dormant, and then later could be expressed
6
Q
Who tested Darwin’s pangenesis theory? How did he test it?
A
- Francis Galton, Darwin’s cousin
- to test, he had two strains of pure bred rabbits, white and black. - gemmules circulated the entire body (including blood), so took blood from a black rabbit and infused into a white rabbit. then bred two white rabbits together
- would expect grey or black babies, but only white babies were produced
7
Q
Who was Rudolf Camerarius?
A
- Botanist
-did controversial experiments demonstrating plant sexuality - also worked on plant hybridization
8
Q
Who was Joseph Kolreuter?
A
- used artificial fertilization to breed hybrids
- used reciprocal crosses to determine if specific sexes passed on particular characters
