Genetic Variation And Its Control Flashcards
Define the term “gene” and describe how genes are passed on from parents to offspring
A gene is a short section of DNA. They are found in chromosomes and genes produce molecules which go on to show features
State that genes control characteristics
genes control characteristic like eye colour, ear shape,, dimples and tongue rolling.
Give reasons to describe why there may be differences in characteristics in organisms
Because of environmental factors like accent, religion and language
Describe what sexual reproduction is
The production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes).
Describe what a asexual reproduction is
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only
Explain if offspring will be identical or different to their parents
.
Describe the process of taking cuttings and state some advantages of taking cuttings
You produce identical features that you would like
Describe the stages involved in tissue culture
Take a small group of cells from either the leaf or the stem or roots. Start to encourage the cells to grow by putting them into agar. Carry out the process using aseptic technique. Then you end up with small plants with roots, stems and leaves. put plants into individual pots of soil to grow.
Describe what genetic engineering is
Genetic engineering is the process of manually adding new DNA to an organism.
Define what GM is
An organsims containing genetic material that has been artificially altered so as to produce a desired characteristic.
Evaluate GM crops
1) Not everyone is convinced they are safe. 2)People say that GM crops will affect the number of plants and weeds.
3) A big concern is that transplant genes may get out into the natural environment
Describe the stages involved in embryo transplants
Take an egg cell and sperm cell. Then fuse them together to produce a fertilised egg. Then the egg cell will grow into an embryo a ball of specialised cells. Split the embryo into more smaller balls of cells. Take a small ball of cells and implant it into one of the host mothers.
Describe the stages involved in adult cell cloning
Take a skin cell from sheep A. Take an egg cell from sheep B. Next take the nucleus from sheep A’s cell and implant it into sheep B’s egg cell. Give it a small electric shock. Implant it into the new embryo into another host mother sheep C. You have clone of sheep A.
